tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-43190091911059156002024-03-18T05:44:27.823+00:00André 小山 SchappoMy Interests include: International Computing, IDNs, Apple Macs, i18n, Chinese, Japanese & Korean.André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comBlogger150125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-16707290528427630222023-05-27T12:39:00.011+01:002023-05-27T14:11:57.553+01:00JavaScript Help in Ukrainian<h3>🇺🇦 🌻 <span lang="uk">Слава Україні</span> 🌻 🇺🇦</h3>
<p>
Donate direct to Ukraine <span lang="uk">Україна</span> ➜ <a href="https://u24.gov.ua" target="_blank">u24.gov.ua</a> or <a href="https://u24.gov.ua/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">u24.gov.ua/uk</a>
</p>
<p>
JavaScript Help in Ukrainian ЯваСкрипт довідка українською <a href="http://яваскрипт.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">яваскрипт.укр</a>
</p>
<p>
In preferences of most browsers one can set a priority list of the languages that one would like text content to be displayed. Some websites support several languages and will display text content in the first supported language it encounters in your browser language priority list.
</p>
<p>
This language priority list is sent from the browser to the web server in the http headers, specifically the accept-language header. You can view your browser http headers using <a href="http://ericgiguere.com/tools/http-header-viewer.html" target="_blank">ericgiguere.com/tools/http-header-viewer.html</a>
</p>
<p>
I frequently add and change order of my language priority list and usually en (English) is set as my most preferred ie first in the accept-language list. My current Firefox browser accept-language list is: en,en-GB;q=0.95,ko;q=0.91,ja;q=0.86,uk;q=0.82,ar-MA;q=0.77,th;q=0.73,ur;q=0.68,ar;q=0.64,​id;q=0.59,​zh;q=0.55,​hi;q=0.5,​km;q=0.45,ne;q=0.41,zh-TW;q=0.36,en-US;q=0.32,en-TT;q=0.27,zh-CN;q=0.23,pl;q=0.18,zh-HK;q=0.14,zh-SG;q=0.09,es;q=0.05
</p>
<p>
My previous accept-language list also contained ru (russian) as one of my low priority languages. I had forgotten I had ru in my accept-language list. I visited the Ukrainian JavaScript site <a href="http://яваскрипт.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">яваскрипт.укр</a> and displayed on the landing page was "Другорядна мова у Вашому браузері російська. Не підтримуйте ворогів України!" which Google translates to "The secondary language in your browser is russian. Do not support the enemies of Ukraine!". Considering Ukrainian does not have definite and indefinite articles I will change the translation slightly to "A secondary language in your browser is russian. Do not support the enemies of Ukraine!".
</p>
<p>
I am totally impressed by this usage of the browser accept-language list. Over many years I have used the accept-language priority list to language adapt websites but I never thought of this usage.
</p>
<p>
I support Ukraine and so, prompted by the message I have removed ru from the accept-language lists of the browsers I use. On a related note, when I first learned of the russian invasion of Ukraine I immediately removed the yandex browser from my Mac.
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-52372843081634025132022-12-26T10:23:00.066+00:002024-03-02T11:59:25.570+00:00Ukrainian Cyrillic Domain Names 3<h3>🇺🇦 🌻 <span lang="uk">Слава Україні</span> 🌻 🇺🇦</h3>
<p>
Donate direct to Ukraine <span lang="uk">Україна</span> ➜ <a href="https://u24.gov.ua" target="_blank">u24.gov.ua</a> or <a href="https://u24.gov.ua/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">u24.gov.ua/uk</a>
</p>
<p>
This post is a continuation of <a href="https://schappo.blogspot.com/2022/08/ukrainian-cyrillic-domain-names-2.html" target="_blank">schappo.blogspot.com/2022/08/ukrainian-cyrillic-domain-names-2.html</a>
</p>
<p>
The majority of Ukrainian .укр websites I have so far found are hosted on servers in Ukraine. Some of .укр websites are hosted on servers in other countries. These countries include Canada Канада, Estonia Естонія, Finland Фінляндія, France Франція, Germany Німеччина, Ireland Ірландія, Lithuania Литва, Netherlands Нідерланди, Poland Польща, Portugal Португалія and USA США. Any .укр websites hosted on servers in russia, belarus or iran will not appear in any of my lists.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Tractors <span lang="uk">Торговий Дім Тракторний Завод</span> <a href="https://трактора.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">трактора.укр</a></li>
<li>Eurovision <span lang="uk">Пісенний конкурс Євробачення</span> <a href="https://євробачення.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">євробачення.укр</a></li>
<li>Website development <span lang="uk">Студія сайтобудування "веББер"</span> <a href="https://веббер.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">веббер.укр</a></li>
<li>Oregon chainsaws <span lang="uk">Орегон бензопили</span> <a href="https://орегон.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">орегон.укр</a></li>
<li>Free Ads Bulletin Board <span lang="uk">Дошка оголошень Україна Безкоштовні оголошення</span> <a href="https://дошкаоголошень.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">дошкаоголошень.укр</a> & <a href="https://обява.юа.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">обява.юа.укр</a></li>
<li>I Know <span lang="uk">Знаю</span>: articles on various topics <a href="https://знаю.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">знаю.укр</a></li>
<li>Heaters <span lang="uk">Обігрівачі</span> <a href="https://уден.обігрівачі.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">уден.обігрівачі.укр</a></li>
<li>Artificial Christmas Trees <span lang="uk">Штучні Ялинки</span> <a href="https://ялинка.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ялинка.укр/uk</a></li>
<li>Pidhirtsiv Starostyn District of the Kozyn Settlement Council <span lang="uk">Підгірцівський старостинський округ Козинської селищної ради</span> <a href="https://підгірці.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">підгірці.укр</a></li>
<li>Sewing Machines <span lang="uk">Швейних Машин</span> <a href="https://швейні-машинки.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">швейні-машинки.укр</a></li>
<li><span lang="uk">Тернопільський обласний благодійний фонд допомоги сиротам "МАЙБУТНЄСИРІТ"</span> <a href="https://майбутнєсиріт.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">майбутнєсиріт.укр</a></li>
<li>Children's Furniture <span lang="uk">Дитячі меблі</span> <a href="https://парта.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">парта.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Tarot <span lang="uk">Віщування на картах Таро та саморозвиток</span> <a href="https://таро.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">таро.укр</a></li>
<li>Safes <span lang="uk">Світ Сейфів</span> <a href="https://мирсейфов.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">мирсейфов.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Weighing Equipment <span lang="uk">Вагове обладнання</span> <a href="https://горизонт.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">горизонт.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Watches, Sunglasses, Cufflinks, Wallets, Clothes, Footwear, Hats … <span lang="uk">Наручний годинник, Сонцезахисні окуляри, Запонки, Гаманці, Одяг, Взуття, Шапки</span> … <a href="https://час.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">час.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>European Travel Guide <span lang="uk">Що відвідати в Європі</span>: 10 Places <a href="https://10місць.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">10місць.укр</a></li>
<li>Mercedes-Benz <span lang="uk">Мерседес-Бенц</span> <a href="http://мерседес-бенц.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">мерседес-бенц.укр</a></li>
<li>When will peace come to Ukraine? <span lang="uk">Коли настане МИР в УКРАЇНІ?</span> <a href="https://мир.укр" target="_blank">мир.укр</a></li>
<li>Wichlacz solid fuel boilers <span lang="uk">Віхлач твердопаливні котли</span> <a href="http://твердопаливний-котел.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">твердопаливний-котел.укр</a></li>
<li>Online furniture store <span lang="uk">Интернет магазин мебели</span> <a href="https://дд.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">дд.укр</a></li>
<li>Bags and Packages <span lang="uk">Виробництво пакетів</span> <a href="https://пакети.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">пакети.укр</a></li>
<li>PDR (traffic codes) Tests 2024 with answers <span lang="uk">ПДР (Правила дорожнього руху) Тести 2024 з відповідями</span> <a href="https://пдр.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">пдр.укр</a></li>
<li>Golden Key Real Estate Agency <span lang="uk">Золотой Ключ Агенство нерухомостi</span> <a href="http://зк.укр/?lang=uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">зк.укр/?lang=uk</a></li>
<li>Caviar <span lang="uk">Ікра</span> <a href="https://ікра.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ікра.укр</a></li>
<li>Hotel Ratne <span lang="uk">Готель Ратне «У Коріня»</span> <a href="https://укоріня.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">укоріня.укр</a></li>
<li>Christmas Carols <span lang="uk">Колядки</span> <a href="https://коляда.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">коляда.укр</a></li>
<li>Vehicle Licence Plates and Street Signs <span lang="uk">Автомобільні номерні знаки та Таблички на будівлі</span> <a href="https://автономери.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">автономери.укр</a> & <a href="https://автономер.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">автономер.укр</a></li>
<li>Arborist Services <span lang="uk">Спил дерева Одеса - обрізка дерева - скос трави - обізка тополя</span> <a href="https://спил.укр/uk/home-ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">спил.укр/uk/home-ua</a></li>
<li>Seeton <span lang="uk">Сітон - провідний системний інтегратор України та Азербайджану</span> <a href="https://сітон.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">сітон.укр</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following sites do not specify the Ukrainian language in the opening html tag.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Cheremoskyi Park <span lang="uk">Національний природний парк «Черемоський»</span> <a href="https://черемоський.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">черемоський.укр</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following sites are not using the correct language tag in the opening html tag. The incorrect html code used is: <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:500;"><html lang="uk-UK"></span>. The correct html code is <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:500;"><html lang="uk-UA"></span>.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>UANIC, Ukrainian Network Information Center <span lang="uk">Український Мережевий Інформаційний Центр</span> <a href="http://УМІЦ.укр/?lang=UK" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">УМІЦ.укр/?lang=UK</a></li>
<li>House construction & repair <span lang="uk">Будівництво та ремонт будинків</span> <a href="https://строительство-ремонт.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">строительство-ремонт.укр/uk</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following sites incorrectly use the attribute lang="en" in the opening html tag. It should be lang="uk" or lang="uk-UA"
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Ukrainian Onomastic Commission <span lang="uk">Українська ономастична комісія</span> <a href="https://www.уок.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">уок.укр</a></li>
<li>Registrar <span lang="uk">Реєстратор - Недорогий якісний хостинг, домени, сервери</span> <a href="https://регистратор.укр/?uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">регистратор.укр/?uk</a></li>
<li>FitLine <span lang="uk">ФитЛайн</span> <a href="https://фитлайн.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">фитлайн.укр</a></li>
<li>Leisure in Lviv <span lang="uk">Дозвілля у Львові</span> <a href="http://дозвілля.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">дозвілля.укр</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following sites incorrectly use the attribute lang="ua" in the opening html tag. It should be lang="uk" or lang="uk-UA"
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Pumps <span lang="uk">Насоси</span>, Fodder Shredders <span lang="uk">Кормоподрібнювачі</span> & Electric Convectors <span lang="uk">Електроконвектори</span> <a href="https://господар.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">господар.укр</a></li>
<li>Water and heat, gas and electricity meters <span lang="uk">Лічильників води та тепла, газу та електричної</span> <a href="https://підрахуй.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">підрахуй.укр</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following sites incorrectly use the attribute lang="en-US" in the opening html tag. It should be lang="uk" or lang="uk-UA"
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Self-Build Support <span lang="uk">Самобуд</span> <a href="https://самобуд.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">самобуд.укр</a></li>
</ol>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-68999988886472927432022-08-29T11:58:00.031+01:002023-02-27T10:07:02.819+00:00Apostrophe in Ukrainian Domain Names<h3>🇺🇦 🌻 <span lang="uk">Слава Україні</span> 🌻 🇺🇦</h3>
<p>
Donate direct to Ukraine <span lang="uk">Україна</span> ➜ <a href="https://u24.gov.ua" target="_blank">u24.gov.ua</a> or <a href="https://u24.gov.ua/uk" target="_blank">u24.gov.ua/uk</a>
</p>
<p>
I was totally impressed when I recently discovered that Ukrainian .укр Cyrillic Domain Names can include an apostrophe.
</p>
<p>
In Unicode there are actually three apostrophe characters.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;">
<li> ' U+0027 APOSTROPHE</li>
<li> ’ U+2019 RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK</li>
<li> ʼ U+02BC MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE</li>
</ol>
<p>
The first two break words but the last is non breaking and so does not break words or domain name labels. U+02BC is the apostrophe used in Ukrainian .укр Cyrillic Domain Names.
</p>
<p>
UANIC is the Ukrainian Network Information Center <span lang="uk">Українським Мережевим Інформаційним Центром</span>. UANIC maintains a list of the Unicode characters which are allowed in Ukrainian Domain Names. The allowed set of characters consists of hyphen, decimal digits, cyrillic letters and apostrophe. The complete and detailed list of allowed characters is on UANIC's site at <a href="http://uanic.net/tablicya-dozvolenix-simvoliv" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">uanic.net/tablicya-dozvolenix-simvoliv</a>
</p>
<p>
What of other registries? I looked at Verisign's allowed characters for Ukrainian language domain names ➜ <a href="https://verisign.com/assets/languagefiles/UKR.html" target="_blank">verisign.com/assets/languagefiles/UKR.html</a>. The Verisgn allowed characters are the same as UANIC except for the aforementioned apostrophe which is not allowed by Verisgn. IMHO, Verisgn should also allow U+02BC apostrophe in Ukrainian language domain names.
</p>
<p>
I have also checked the Ukrainian IDN tables in the Repository of IDN Practices ➜ <a href="https://iana.org/domains/idn-tables" target="_blank">iana.org/domains/idn-tables</a> (accessed 27th Feb 2023). There are multiple Ukrainian IDN tables from multiple Registries. Each table explicitly lists the characters allowed for IDN registrations. None of the Registries Ukrainian IDN tables include U+02BC MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE. They could! They should! They must!
</p>
<p>
Apostrophe is used in the Ukrainian language <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_for_using_the_apostrophe_in_the_Ukrainian_language" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_for_using_the_apostrophe_in_the_Ukrainian_language</a>
</p>
<p>
If you look at my previous post <a href="https://schappo.blogspot.com/2022/08/ukrainian-cyrillic-domain-names-2.html" target="_blank">schappo.blogspot.com/2022/08/ukrainian-cyrillic-domain-names-2.html</a> you will see many Ukrainian .укр Cyrillic Domain Names. I have not yet encountered one containing an apostrophe. I would guess that most are not aware it is possible.
</p>
<p>
I have now found a rather unique domain name which consists of just a single apostrophe at the 2nd level <a href="http://ʼ.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ʼ.укр</a>. It is the "support site for the national cyrillic domain .укр (Сайт підтримки національного кириличного домену .укр) and it works!.
</p>
<p>
Letʼs check it against IDNA2003 and IDNA2008 (<a href="https://unicode.org/faq/idn.html" target="blank">unicode.org/faq/idn.html</a>) using "Unicode Utilities: Internationalized Domain Names (IDN)" ➜ <a href="https://util.unicode.org/UnicodeJsps/idna.jsp?a=ʼ.укр" target="_blank">util.unicode.org/UnicodeJsps/idna.jsp?a=ʼ.укр</a>. Everything good!🙂
</p>
<p>
There is still an issue which is the display of the domain name in the browser address bar. I have tried several browsers and most display incorrectly as punycode, xn--mqa.xn--j1amh or xn--mqa.укр, instead of Unicode ʼ.укр. So far, the only browser I have found which correctly displays as ʼ.укр is Firefox.
</p>
<p>
Incidentally, <a href="http://тест.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">тест.укр</a> (test.ukraine) resolves to the same site as <a href="http://ʼ.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ʼ.укр</a>
</p>
André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-66747676489750664592022-08-08T10:09:00.111+01:002024-03-02T11:26:31.659+00:00Ukrainian Cyrillic Domain Names 2<h3>🇺🇦 🌻 <span lang="uk">Слава Україні</span> 🌻 🇺🇦</h3>
<p>
Donate direct to Ukraine <span lang="uk">Україна</span> ➜ <a href="https://u24.gov.ua" target="_blank">u24.gov.ua</a> or <a href="https://u24.gov.ua/uk" target="_blank">u24.gov.ua/uk</a>
</p>
<p>
This post is a continuation of <a href="https://schappo.blogspot.com/2022/05/ukrainian-cyrillic-domain-names.html" target="_blank">schappo.blogspot.com/2022/05/ukrainian-cyrillic-domain-names.html</a> The purpose of my Ukraine posts is to promote Ukraine: it's language, it's businesses, it's organisations, it's culture and every aspect of Ukraine I can find manifested in Ukrainian websites. I consider this will benefit Ukraine's economy and businesses.
</p>
<p>
All web addresses I list below use the cyrillic TLD (Top Level Domain) .укр which is an abbreviation for Ukraine. The text content of the listed sites is written in the Ukrainian language. These sites are hosted on servers in various different countries. Any sites hosted on servers in russia or belarus will NOT appear in my list.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Insurance24 <span lang="uk">Страхування24</span> <a href="https://страхування24.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">страхування24.укр</a></li>
<li>Agrokram Agricultural Machinery <span lang=uk>Агрокрам сільськогосподарської техніки</span> <a href="https://агрокрам.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">агрокрам.укр</a></li>
<li>Ukrainian Wine <span lang="uk">Українське Вино</span> <a href="https://своєвино.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">своєвино.укр</a></li>
<li>NIC.UA Ukrainian domain name registrar <span lang="uk">Замовляй домен .укр та підтримуй Україну</span> <a href="http://домен.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">домен.укр</a></li>
<li>Zaporizhzhia Concrete <span lang="uk">Бетон Запоріжжя</span> <a href="https://бетон.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">бетон.укр</a></li>
<li>Bullerjan Stoves <span lang="uk">калориферних печей «булер'ян»</span> <a href="https://булерьян.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">булерьян.укр/uk</a></li>
<li>Embroidery <span lang="uk">Вишивка</span> <a href="https://вышивка.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">вышивка.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Cooking Recipes <span lang="uk">Кулінар</span> <a href="http://кулінар.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">кулінар.укр</a></li>
<li>Together <span lang="uk">Разом</span> <a href="http://разом.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">разом.укр</a></li>
<li>Western Ukrainian Pastries <span lang="uk">західно-українських пляцків та тортів</span> <a href="http://пляцки.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">пляцки.укр</a></li>
<li>PET Bottles <span lang="uk">ПЕТ Пляшки</span> <a href="https://бутилка.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">бутилка.укр</a></li>
<li>Jewelry <span lang="uk">Восток Харківський завод ювелірних виробів</span> <a href="https://восток.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">восток.укр</a></li>
<li>Education <span lang="uk">Диплом - Все про Освіту: Вищу, Загальну Середню та Початкову</span> <a href="https://диплом.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">диплом.укр</a></li>
<li>Earplugs <span lang="uk">беруши</span> <a href="https://беруши.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">беруши.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>ЗАМОК.УКР locks & accessories <span lang="uk">інтернет-магазин замків та фурнітури</span> <a href="https://замок.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">замок.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Home Internet <span lang="uk">Дім Інтернет</span> <a href="http://дім-інтернет.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">дім-інтернет.укр</a></li>
<li>Machining Lubricating & Cooling Fluids <span lang="uk">Мастильно-Охолоджуюча Рідина</span> <a href="https://химпром.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">химпром.укр</a></li>
<li>Graduation Album <span lang="uk">Випускний Альбом</span> <a href="http://випускнийальбом.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">випускнийальбом.укр</a></li>
<li>Online Store <span lang="uk">інтернет-магазині «Болгарка»</span> <a href="https://болгарка.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">болгарка.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Vehicle Inspection <span lang="uk">Судову автотоварознавчу експертизу та оцінку колісних транспортних засобів</span> <a href="https://автоекспертиза.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">автоекспертиза.укр</a></li>
<li>Alarms <span lang="uk">Сигналізації</span> <a href="https://сигналізації.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">сигналізації.укр</a></li>
<li>Mother <span lang="uk">Мама</span> <a href="https://мама.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">мама.укр</a> 👩.🇺🇦</li>
<li>Boykivshchyna National Nature Park <span lang="uk">Національний природний парк "Бойківщина"</span> <a href="https://паркбойківщина.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">паркбойківщина.укр</a></li>
<li>Windows & Doors <span lang="uk">Компанія Прораб ➤Продаж та установка вікон і дверей, тротуарної плитки, памʼятників</span> <a href="https://прораб.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">прораб.укр</a></li>
<li>Power Tools <span lang="uk">Прокат-Сервіс: вигідний прокат та ремонт інструменту</span> <a href="https://прокат-сервіс.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">прокат-сервіс.укр</a></li>
<li>Ukrainian Language <span lang="uk">Українська Мова</span> <a href="https://укрмова.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">укрмова.укр</a></li>
<li>Ceramic Tiles <span lang="uk">Керамика - інтернет магазин керамічної плитки</span> <a href="https://керамика.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">керамика.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Magazine <span lang="uk">Перець: сатирично-гумористичний часопис</span> <a href="https://перець.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">перець.укр</a></li>
<li>Computer Help Online <span lang="uk">Компʼютерна допомога онлайн</span> <a href="https://компютернадопомога.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">компютернадопомога.укр</a></li>
<li>Khotyn Special School No. 1 <span lang="uk">Хотинська спеціальна школа №1</span> <a href="https://нашашкола.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">нашашкола.укр</a></li>
<li>Valves and Pipes <span lang="uk">Трубопроводная, запорная арматура</span> <a href="https://клапан.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">клапан.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Water Coolers <span lang="uk">Кулерова - кулери для води і аксесуари</span> <a href="https://кулерова.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">кулерова.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Spare Parts for Household Appliances <span lang="uk">Запчастини до побутової, кухонної та кліматичної техніки</span> <a href="https://нашклимат.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">нашклимат.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Electro electrical goods <span lang="uk">Електро електротоварів</span> <a href="https://електро.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">електро.укр</a></li>
<li>Icons of Ukraine <span lang="uk">Іконка - купи іконку, підтримай ЗСУ!</span> <a href="https://іконка.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">іконка.укр</a></li>
<li>Vinnytsia Internet Provider <span lang="uk">ІНВАЙТ.УКР - Інтернет Провайдер Вінниця</span> <a href="https://инвайт.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">инвайт.укр</a></li>
<li>Doors <span lang="uk">Двері</span> <a href="http://мсм.укр/index_ukr.html" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">мсм.укр/index_ukr.html</a></li>
<li>Fujitsu <span lang="ja">富士通</span> Air Conditioners <span lang="uk">Кондиціонери Фуджитсу</span> <a href="https://фуджитсу.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">фуджитсу.укр</a></li>
<li>Sewing Machines <span lang="uk">Швейні машини</span> <a href="https://грайфер.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">грайфер.укр</a></li>
<li>Hollowfibre <span lang="uk">Холлофайбер</span> <a href="https://холлофайбер.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">холлофайбер.укр/uk</a></li>
<li>Roses from Troyandovo <span lang="uk">Троянди з Трояндового</span> <a href="http://www.троянди-з-трояндового.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">троянди-з-трояндового.укр</a></li>
<li>Hlevakha <span lang="uk">Глеваха</span> <a href="https://глеваха.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">глеваха.укр</a></li>
<li>Stationery <span lang="uk">Канцтоварів для офісу, школи, товарів для творчості</span> <a href="https://канцтовар.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">канцтовар.укр</a></li>
<li>Digital Printing <span lang="uk">Колофарб-Принт: Сучасні цифрові рішення для друку</span> <a href="https://колофарб.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">колофарб.укр</a></li>
<li>Media <span lang="uk">Медіа інтернет-видання</span> <a href="https://медіа.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">медіа.укр</a></li>
<li>Vitamins & Minerals <span lang="uk">Вітаміни і Мінерали</span> <a href="https://ситимама.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ситимама.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Military Uniforms & Camouflage <span lang="uk">Военная форма и камуфляж</span> <a href="https://корка.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">корка.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Petrivsko-Romansk community <span lang="uk">Петрівсько-Роменська громада</span> <a href="https://петрівка.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">петрівка.укр</a></li>
<li>Children's Beds <span lang="uk">Дитячі ліжка</span> <a href="https://детские-кровати.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">детские-кровати.укр/uk</a></li>
<li>Psychologist <span lang="uk">Автоматизована інформаційна система «Я-ПСИХОЛОГ»</span> <a href="https://я-психолог.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">я-психолог.укр</a></li>
<li>Your Oven <span lang="uk">Ваш Печник - Украинский центр печных услуг и товаров</span> <a href="https://ваш.печник.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ваш.печник.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>ISP <span lang="uk">Інфозвʼязок інтернет провайдер Одеса</span> <a href="https://инфосвязь.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">инфосвязь.укр</a></li>
<li>Association of Exporters and Importers "ZED" <span lang="uk">Асоціація експортерів і імпортеров ЗЕД</span> <a href="https://зед.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">зед.укр</a></li>
<li>Windows <span lang="uk">Вікна</span> <a href="https://алиас.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">алиас.укр/uk</a></li>
<li>Business card site <span lang="uk">Сайт визитка</span> <a href="http://сайт-визитка.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">сайт-визитка.укр</a></li>
<li>Psychological Help <span lang="uk">безкоштовна i конфіденційна психологічна допомога по всій Україні</span> <a href="https://небайдуже.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">небайдуже.укр</a></li>
<li>Memorial <span lang="uk">меморіал</span> <a href="https://меморіал.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">меморіал.укр</a></li>
<li>Chernihiv Trolleybus Management <span lang="uk">Чернігівське Тролейбусне Управління</span> <a href="https://чту.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">чту.укр</a></li>
<li>Repair of Pumps <span lang="uk">Ремонт насосів побутовго та промислового призначення</span> <a href="https://ремонт-насосів.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ремонт-насосів.укр</a></li>
<li>Monuments <span lang="uk">Памятники</span> <a href="https://памятники.укр/?lang=uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">памятники.укр/?lang=uk</a></li>
<li>News <span lang="uk">Гарант - медійний ресурс. Якість новин Гарантуємо</span> <a href="https://гарант.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">гарант.укр</a></li>
<li>Backpacks <span lang="uk">Рюкзаки,Сумки,Гаманці,Взуття,Термочашки,Чоловічі Ремені</span> <a href="https://рюкзачок.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">рюкзачок.укр</a></li>
<li>Atlantic Water Heaters <span lang="uk">Водонагреватели Атлантик</span> <a href="https://атлантик.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">атлантик.укр/uk</a></li>
<li>Heaters <span lang="uk">Обігрівачі: керамічні та електрорадіатори опалення</span> <a href="https://еко.обігрівачі.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">еко.обігрівачі.укр</a></li>
<li>Chillers <span lang="uk">Чиллери</span> <a href="https://ua.охлаждение.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ua.охлаждение.укр</a></li>
<li>Power Tools <span lang="uk">Електроінструментом і товарами народного споживання</span> <a href="https://сетевой.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">сетевой.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Scrap Metal <span lang="uk">Металобрухт</span> <a href="https://металобрухт.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">металобрухт.укр/uk</a></li>
<li>Student Study Help <span lang="uk">Курсова - Допомога Студенту в Навчанні: Лайфхаки та Поради</span> <a href="https://курсова.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">курсова.укр</a></li>
<li>Schools and Universities <span lang="uk">Школи та Університети</span> <a href="https://школи.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">школи.укр</a></li>
<li>Freight <span lang="uk">Вантажні перевезення Львів 🚚 МІЙ ПЕРЕЇЗД 💪 Вантажники</span> <a href="https://мійпереїзд.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">мійпереїзд.укр</a></li>
<li>Toporiv Lyceum <span lang="uk">Топорівський ліцей Городенківської міської ради</span> <a href="https://топорівська-школа.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">топорівська-школа.укр</a></li>
<li>Doors <span lang="uk">Двері Украини</span> <a href="https://дверіукраїни.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">дверіукраїни.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Intermediary in Ukraine and Poland <span lang="uk">Посередник в Україні та Польщі</span> <a href="https://посредник.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">посредник.укр</a></li>
<li>Metal & Wood Products <span lang="uk">АГРОБУД - вироби з металу та дерева для дому, офісу, промисловості</span> <a href="https://агробуд.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">агробуд.укр</a></li>
<li>Fencing <span lang="uk">ЗАБОР.УКР сайт, присвяченний продажу панельних, секційних, металевих, та інших парканів по всьому світу</span> <a href="https://забор.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">забор.укр/uk</a></li>
<li>3D Printing <span lang="uk">3Д друк в Україні</span> <a href="https://3д-друк.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">3д-друк.укр</a></li>
<li>Paper Paradise <span lang="uk">Паперовий рай</span> <a href="https://паперовий-рай.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">паперовий-рай.укр/uk</a></li>
<li>Paving <span lang="uk">бруківка, тротуарна плитка, бордюри у м. Черкаси</span> <a href="https://бруківка.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">бруківка.укр</a></li>
<li>Stucco Decor <span lang="uk">Ліпний декор Європласт</span> <a href="https://европласт.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">европласт.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Website Development <span lang="uk">Розробка сайтів в Одесі | Просування сайтів - Студія Укр</span> <a href="https://студия.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">студия.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Energy efficient heating <span lang="uk">Сучасні енергоефективні системи опалення</span> <a href="https://велес.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">велес.укр</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
How many Ukrainian укр domains are registered? According to <a href="https://domainnamestat.com/statistics/tld/xn_j1amh-TLD_ID-1458" target="_blank">domainnamestat.com/statistics/tld/xn_j1amh-TLD_ID-1458</a> (Accessed 21st February 2024) there are 17289. According to <a href="https://обирай.укр" target="_blank">обирай.укр</a> (Accessed 21st February 2024) there are 14967.
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-87699269895048805562022-05-17T07:26:00.188+01:002023-11-28T10:40:48.051+00:00Ukrainian Cyrillic Domain Names<h3>🇺🇦 🌻 <span lang="uk">Слава Україні</span> 🌻 🇺🇦</h3>
<p>
Donate direct to Ukraine <span lang="uk">Україна</span> ➜ <a href="https://u24.gov.ua" target="_blank">u24.gov.ua</a> or <a href="https://u24.gov.ua/uk" target="_blank">u24.gov.ua/uk</a>
</p>
<p>
This post is a continuation of <a href="https://schappo.blogspot.com/2022/04/ukrainian-language-websites.html" target="_blank">schappo.blogspot.com/2022/04/ukrainian-language-websites.html</a> The purpose of my Ukraine posts is to promote Ukraine: it's language, it's businesses, it's organisations, it's culture and every aspect of Ukraine I can find manifested in Ukrainian websites. I consider this will, in some small way, benefit Ukraine's economy.
</p>
<p>
All web addresses I list below use the cyrillic TLD (Top Level Domain) .укр which is an abbreviation for Ukraine. The text content of the listed sites is written in the Ukrainian language. These sites are hosted on servers in various different countries. Any sites hosted on servers in russia or belarus will NOT appear in my list.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Investments <span lang="uk">Про Інвестиції</span> <a href="http://про-інвестиції.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">про-інвестиції.укр</a></li>
<li>Furniture <span lang="uk">Ммеблі</span> <a href="https://ммеблі.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ммеблі.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Waste Management <span lang="uk">Комплексні послуги поводження з відходами</span> <a href="https://здайвідходи.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">здайвідходи.укр</a></li>
<li>Foxstrot <span lang="uk">Фокстрот</span> <a href="https://фокстрот.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">фокстрот.укр/uk</a></li>
<li>Gold Dragon 金龍 <span lang="uk">Золотий Дракон</span> <a href="https://золотий-дракон.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">золотий-дракон.укр</a></li>
<li>Do Business, Ukraine <span lang="uk">Роби Бізнес, Укр</span> <a href="https://робибізнес.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">робибізнес.укр</a></li>
<li>Together <span lang="uk">Разом</span> <a href="http://разом.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">разом.укр</a></li>
<li>SpeedTest <span lang="uk">СпиидТест</span> <a href="https://спиидтест.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">спиидтест.укр</a></li>
<li>Yuta Service <span lang="uk">Юта Сервіс</span> <a href="https://юс.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">юс.укр</a></li>
<li>Ukrainian Partisan <span lang="uk">Український Партизан</span> <a href="https://український-партизан.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">український-партизан.укр</a></li>
<li>NEO real estate <span lang="uk">НЕО нерухомого майна</span> <a href="https://нео.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">нео.укр</a></li>
<li>Choice <span lang="uk">Чойс</span> <a href="https://чойс.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">чойс.укр</a></li>
<li>Ukrainian Orthodox Church <span lang="uk">Українська Православна Церква</span> <a href="https://єпархія.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">єпархія.укр</a></li>
<li>Bryza gutters & soffits <span lang="uk">Бриза водостоки та софіти</span> <a href="https://бриза.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">бриза.укр</a></li>
<li>Plumbing Supplies <span lang="uk">Сантехніка</span> <a href="https://водяной.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">водяной.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>HPMOR Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality <span lang="uk">ГПІМР Гаррі Поттер і Методи Раціональности</span> <a href="https://гпімр.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">гпімр.укр</a></li>
<li>Osteopathy <span lang="uk">Остеопатия</span> <a href="https://остеопатия.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">остеопатия.укр</a></li>
<li>PR Advertising Agency <span lang="uk">Піар Рекламне Агентство</span> <a href="http://піар.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">піар.укр</a></li>
<li>Real Estate Appraisals <span lang="uk">Оцінки Нерухомості</span> <a href="https://оцінка.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">оцінка.укр</a></li>
<li>RPG games and quests <span lang="uk">РПГ ігор та квестів</span> <a href="https://рпг.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">рпг.укр</a></li>
<li>Week Number <span lang="uk">Номер Тижня</span> <a href="https://номертижня.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">номертижня.укр</a></li>
<li>Foam Insulation <span lang="uk">Утеплення Пінопластом</span> <a href="http://утеплення.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">утеплення.укр</a></li>
<li>Zhytomyr Regional Center for Calculation and Implementation of Social Payments <span lang="uk">Житомирський обласний центр по нарахуванню та здійсненню соціальних виплат</span> <a href="http://жсоц.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">жсоц.укр</a></li>
<li>State Public Procurement <span lang="uk">Державні Публічні Закупівлі</span> <a href="https://прозорро.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">прозорро.укр</a></li>
<li>Leader CNC <span lang="uk">Комплектуючі до станків та промислового обладнання Лідер ЧПУ</span> <a href="https://лидерчпу.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">лидерчпу.укр/ua</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
It is good practice to specify the (human) language of the text content of a site. A simple way of doing this is to specify it in the opening html tag using the lang attribute which is what the sites in the above list do. Website specification of the Ukrainian language can be achieved with <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:500;"><html lang="uk"></span> or <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:500;"><html lang="uk-UA"></span> where uk is the code for the Ukrainian language and UA is the code for Ukraine.
</p>
<p>
The following sites do not specify the Ukrainian language in the opening html tag.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>License Centre <span lang="uk">Центр Ліцензій, Державні Ліцензії України</span> <a href="https://лицензии.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">лицензии.укр</a></li>
<li>Prizes, toys and gifts <span lang="uk">Призи, іграшки and подарунки</span> <a href="https://приз.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">приз.укр</a></li>
<li>Exercise Equipment <span lang="uk">Купити турнік від виробника</span> <a href="https://турники.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">турники.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Crayfish <span lang="uk">раки</span> <a href="https://раки.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">раки.укр</a></li>
<li>Needlework <span lang="uk">Все для рукоділля інтернет-магазин Сундучок-канзаши</span> <a href="https://сундучок-канзаши.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">сундучок-канзаши.укр</a></li>
<li>Rats of Narnia <span lang="uk">Питомник декоративных крыс</span> <a href="https://крысята.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">крысята.укр</a></li>
<li>Podilska Hydropower Company <span lang="uk">Подільська Гідроенергетична компанія</span> <a href="http://пек.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">пек.укр</a></li>
<li>Chess <span lang="uk">Шахи</span> <a href="https://шахи.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">шахи.укр</a></li>
<li>Danke Windowsills <span lang="uk">Спеціалізований магазин підвіконня Данке</span> <a href="https://данке.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">данке.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Doors and Windows <span lang="uk">Входные и межкомнатные двери; окна, лоджии, балконы</span> <a href="https://двери-окна.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">двери-окна.укр</a></li>
<li>Beeswax <span lang="uk">бджолиного воску</span> <a href="https://новавощина.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">новавощина.укр</a></li>
<li>Electric Blankets <span lang="uk">Електропростирадла, електроматраси, електроковдри</span> <a href="https://электропростынь.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">электропростынь.укр</a></li>
<li>Artificial Plants <span lang="uk">Український виробник штучних рослин</span> <a href="https://рослини.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">рослини.укр</a></li>
<li>TopService IT Equipment <span lang="uk">Інтернет-магазин техніки м. Кропивницький - ТопСервіс</span> <a href="https://топсервіс.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">топсервіс.укр</a></li>
<li>Oleo-Mac Garden Machinery <span lang="uk">Олео-Мак садового і лісообробного обладнання</span> <a href="https://олео-мак.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">олео-мак.укр</a></li>
<li>Librarian Blog <span lang="uk">Блоґ про бібліотечну справу та інформаційні технології</span> <a href="https://www.бібліотекар.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">бібліотекар.укр</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following sites do use the lang attribute in the opening html tag but incorrectly use lang="ua" where "ua" is the code for Ukraine. The Ukrainian language codes "uk" or "uk-UA" should be used.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Online Toy Store <span lang="uk">Інтернет-магазин іграшок</span> <a href="https://масяня.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">масяня.укр</a></li>
<li>Embroidery <span lang="uk">Вишивки</span> <a href="https://скарб.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">скарб.укр</a></li>
<li>Kindergarten <span lang="uk">Дитячий садок Радосинь</span> <a href="http://радосинь.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">радосинь.укр</a></li>
<li>Footwear <span lang="uk">Інтернет-магазин взуття "Змейка"</span> <a href="https://змейка.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">змейка.укр</a></li>
<li>Package Shop <span lang="uk">Магазин Пакетів</span> <a href="https://пакет.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">пакет.укр</a></li>
<li>Color Market <span lang="uk">Колор Маркет</span> <a href="https://www.колор-маркет.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">колор-маркет.укр</a></li>
<li>Power Tools <span lang="uk">електроінструменту</span> <a href="https://бензопила.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">бензопила.укр</a></li>
<li>Toothbrushes <span lang="uk">зубні щітки</span> <a href="https://зубні-щітки.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">зубні-щітки.укр</a></li>
<li>Remote Control Systems <span lang="uk">ОКО™ розробка, виробництво, продаж систем віддаленого контролю обʼєктiв</span> <a href="https://око.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">око.укр</a></li>
<li>Contact Lenses <span lang="uk">Контактні лінзи</span> <a href="http://лінзи.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">http://лінзи.укр</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following sites incorrectly use lang="ua-UA". The correct html tag attribute is lang="uk-UA"
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Choose .укр <span lang="uk">Обирай .укр</span> <a href="http://обирай.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">обирай.укр</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following Ukrainian language sites incorrectly use lang="en" where en = english.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Medicines <span lang="uk">Всеукраїнська асоціація захисту прав споживачів лікарських засобів і медичної продукції</span> <a href="https://ліки.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ліки.укр</a></li>
<li>UtilVtorProm: waste management <span lang="uk">УтильВторПром: поводження відходами</span> <a href="https://утилизация.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">утилизация.укр/uk</a></li>
<li>Currency Exchange <span lang="uk">Обміночка</span> <a href="https://обміночка.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">обміночка.укр</a></li>
<li>Fopsoroka Oils and Fibers <span lang="uk">Fopsoroka - виробник олій та клітковин</span> <a href="https://справжніолії.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">справжніолії.укр</a></li>
<li>Balloons <span lang="uk">Повітряні кульки</span> <a href="http://повітряні-кульки.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">повітряні-кульки.укр</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following sites provide user selectable Ukrainian and russian language versions of their sites but incorrectly use lang="ru" when viewing the Ukrainian language version.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>My Family <a href="https://полотенца.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">полотенца.укр</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following sites have their text content in the Ukranian language but incorrectly use the html attribute lang="ru"
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Kharkiv Medical College <span lang="uk">Харківський Обласний Медичний Коледж</span> <a href="http://медколедж.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">медколедж.укр</a></li>
<li>Concrete Fences <span lang="uk">Бетонні Паркани</span> <a href="http://заборбородянка.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">заборбородянка.укр</a></li>
<li>Vilpe Ventilation <span lang="uk">Вілпе Вентиляції</span> <a href="https://вілпе.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">вілпе.укр</a></li>
<li>Krechyna: couplings for engines <span lang="uk">Кречина: муфти для двигунів</span> <a href="http://муфта.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">муфта.укр</a></li>
<li>Building Materials Supermarket <span lang="uk">Супермаркет Будівельних Матеріалів</span> <a href="https://цвях.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">цвях.укр</a></li>
<li>Polaroid Glasses <span lang="uk">®Окуляри Полароид. Спеціалізований інтернет - магазин</span> <a href="http://полароид.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">полароид.укр/ua</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following sites incorrectly use lang="ru-RU" when the site text content is written in the Ukrainian language.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Monolith Publishing House: automotive literature on repair and operation <span lang="uk">Монолит Видавництво: автомобільна література по ремонту та експлуатації</span> <a href="https://монолит.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">монолит.укр</a></li>
<li>Adventure Map <span lang="uk">Мапа Пригод</span> <a href="https://мапапригод.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">мапапригод.укр</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following sites incorrectly use lang="ukr". The correct html tag attributes are lang="uk-UA" or lang="uk"
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Family Lawyer <span lang="uk">Сімейний адвокат в Києві</span> <a href="https://развод.укр/ukr" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">развод.укр/ukr</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following sites incorrectly use lang="uk-UK". The correct html tag attributes are lang="uk-UA" or lang="uk"
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Accounting Services Kyiv <span lang="uk">Бухгалтерські послуги Київ</span> <a href="https://бухгалтерские-услуги.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">бухгалтерские-услуги.укр/uk</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
article: Language tags in HTML and XML ➜ <a href="https://w3.org/International/articles/language-tags" target="_blank">w3.org/International/articles/language-tags</a>. Language tags utility ➜ <a href="https://r12a.github.io/app-subtags" target="_blank">r12a.github.io/app-subtags</a>
</p>
André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-63466779559462495262022-04-10T11:04:00.173+01:002023-07-21T14:13:32.935+01:00Ukrainian Language Websites<h3>🇺🇦 🌻 <span lang="uk">Слава Україні</span> 🌻 🇺🇦</h3>
<p>
Donate direct to Ukraine <span lang="uk">Україна</span> ➜ <a href="https://u24.gov.ua" target="_blank">u24.gov.ua</a>
</p>
<p>
Common practice amongst multinational businesses and organizations is to localize their websites to the countries they encompass. There are many aspects to localization: date format, currency, information density, colour scheme, news, fashion, foods, customs, climate, history and many more considerations. In this article I will be focusing on those organizations which provide a website localized to the Ukrainian language. The following list is a small sample of Ukrainian language sites provided by a diverse set of organisations. Thank you to all these organisations for supporting the Ukrainian language.
</p>
<p>
In the following URLs you will see frequent use of ua and uk. ua is the ISO 3166-1 country code for Ukraine ➜ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_3166_country_codes" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_3166_country_codes</a>. It has multiple uses, one of which is as the internet TLD (Top Level Domain) for Ukraine ➜ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ua" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ua</a>. uk, in this context, is the language tag for the Ukrainian language ➜ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IETF_language_tag" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IETF_language_tag</a> & <a href="https://w3.org/International/articles/language-tags" target="_blank">w3.org/International/articles/language-tags</a>
</p>
<p>
Most of these sites use the lang attribute in the opening html tag in order to specify that the language of the webpage text content is predominantly Ukrainian. So far, I have encountered two forms: lang="uk" and lang="uk-UA". The language tag uk-UA means Ukrainian as used in Ukraine. In the context of an html document, it would be coded as <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:500;"><html lang="uk"></span> or <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:500;"><html lang="uk-UA"></span>. There are other dialects of Ukrainian such as uk-CA, Ukrainian as used in Canada <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Ukrainian" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Ukrainian</a>
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>3M <a href="https://3m.com.ua/3M/uk_UA/company-cis" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">3m.com.ua/3M/uk_UA/company-cis</a></li>
<li>Adobe <a href="https://adobe.com/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">adobe.com/ua</a></li>
<li>Airbnb <a href="https://airbnb.com.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">airbnb.com.ua</a></li>
<li>Apple <a href="https://apple.com/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">apple.com/ua</a></li>
<li>AstraZeneca <span lang="uk">АстраЗенека</span> <a href="https://www.astrazeneca.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">astrazeneca.ua</a></li>
<li>BBC <a href="https://bbc.com/ukrainian" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">bbc.com/ukrainian</a></li>
<li>Black+Decker <a href="https://ua.blackanddecker.global/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ua.blackanddecker.global/uk</a></li>
<li>Booking.com <a href="https://booking.com/index.uk.html" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">booking.com/index.uk.html</a></li>
<li>Canon <span lang="ja">キヤノン</span> <a href="https://canon.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">canon.ua</a></li>
<li>Cisco <a href="https://cisco.com/c/uk_ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">cisco.com/c/uk_ua</a></li>
<li>Coca-Cola <a href="https://coca-cola.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">coca-cola.ua</a></li>
<li>Colgate-Palmolive <a href="https://colgatepalmolive.com.ua/" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">colgatepalmolive.com.ua</a></li>
<li>Deloitte <a href="https://www2.deloitte.com/ua/uk.html" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">www2.deloitte.com/ua/uk.html</a></li>
<li>DHL <a href="https://dhl.com/ua-uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">dhl.com/ua-uk</a></li>
<li>Electrolux <a href="https://electrolux.ua/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">electrolux.ua/ua</a></li>
<li>Ford <span lang="uk">Форд</span> <a href="https://ford.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ford.ua</a></li>
<li>GoDaddy <a href="https://ua.godaddy.com" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ua.godaddy.com</a></li>
<li>Hesburger <a href="https://www.hesburger.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">hesburger.ua</a></li>
<li>IKEA <a href="https://ikea.com/ua/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ikea.com/ua/uk</a></li>
<li>Jehovah's Witnesses <span lang="uk">Свідки Єгови</span> <a href="https://jw.org/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">jw.org/uk</a></li>
<li>John Deere <a href="https://www.deere.ua/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">deere.ua/uk</a></li>
<li>KFC <a href="https://kfc-ukraine.com/" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">kfc-ukraine.com</a></li>
<li>KONE <a href="https://kone.ua/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">kone.ua/ua</a></li>
<li>KPMG <a href="https://home.kpmg/ua/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">home.kpmg/ua/uk</a></li>
<li>Lancôme <a href="https://lancome.ua/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">lancome.ua/ua</a></li>
<li>Lego <span lang="uk">Ле́го</span> <a href="https://lego.com/uk-ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">lego.com/uk-ua</a></li>
<li>LG Electronics <span lang="ko">엘지 전자</span> <a href="https://lg.com/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">lg.com/ua</a></li>
<li>Lush <a href="https://lush.com.ua/" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">lush.com.ua/</a></li>
<li>MAS Seeds <a href="https://masseeds.ua/" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">masseeds.ua/</a></li>
<li>Mastercard <a href="https://mastercard.ua/uk-ua.html" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">mastercard.ua/uk-ua.html</a></li>
<li>McDonaldʼs <span lang="uk">МакДональдз</span> <a href="https://mcdonalds.com/ua/uk-ua.html" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">mcdonalds.com/ua/uk-ua.html</a></li>
<li>Medtronic <a href="https://www.medtronic.com/ua-uk/index.html" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">medtronic.com/ua-uk/index.html</a></li>
<li>Mercedes-Benz <a href="https://mercedes-benz.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">mercedes-benz.ua</a></li>
<li>Michelin <a href="https://www.michelin.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">michelin.ua</a></li>
<li>Microsoft <a href="https://microsoft.com/uk-ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">microsoft.com/uk-ua</a></li>
<li>Nestlé <a href="https://nestle.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">nestle.ua</a></li>
<li>Nivea <a href="https://nivea.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">nivea.ua</a></li>
<li>Panasonic <span lang="ja">パナソニック</span> <span lang="uk">Панасонік</span> <a href="https://panasonic.com/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">panasonic.com/ua</a></li>
<li>PepsiCo <a href="http://pepsico.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">pepsico.ua</a></li>
<li>Philips <a href="https://www.philips.ua/?locale_code=uk_ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">philips.ua/?locale_code=uk_ua</a></li>
<li>PwC <a href="https://www.pwc.com/ua/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">pwc.com/ua/uk</a></li>
<li>Ryanair <a href="https://www.ryanair.com/ua/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ryanair.com/ua/uk</a></li>
<li>Samsung <span lang="ko">삼성</span> <a href="https://samsung.com/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">samsung.com/ua</a></li>
<li>Shell <a href="https://www.ua.shell/" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ua.shell</a></li>
<li>Sony <span lang="ja">ソニー</span> <a href="https://www.sony.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">sony.ua/</a></li>
<li>Spotify <a href="https://spotify.com/ua-uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">spotify.com/ua-uk</a></li>
<li>Suzuki <span lang="ja">スズキ</span> <a href="https://suzuki.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">suzuki.ua</a></li>
<li>Tinder <span lang="uk">Тіндер</span> <a href="https://tinder.com/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">tinder.com/uk</a></li>
<li>Toyota <span lang="ja">トヨタ</span> <span lang="uk">Тойота</span> <a href="https://toyota.ua/" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">toyota.ua</a></li>
<li>Uber <a href="https://uber.com/ua/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">uber.com/ua/uk</a></li>
<li>Unilever <a href="https://www.unilever.ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">unilever.ua</a></li>
<li>UPS <a href="https://ua.ups.com/ua/uk/Home.page" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ua.ups.com/ua/uk/Home.page</a></li>
<li>Visa <a href="https://visa.com.ua/uk_UA" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">visa.com.ua/uk_UA</a></li>
<li>Volvo <a href="https://www.volvocars.com/uk-ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">volvocars.com/uk-ua</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following list consists of sites having the Cyrillic TLD (Top Level Domain) укр which is a standard abbreviation for Ukraine/Україна. I have noticed that some укр sites are hosted on servers in russia. Sites hosted on russian servers will NOT be included in my list!
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Online Shopping <a href="https://одевайка.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">одевайка.укр</a></li>
<li>Advertisements site <a href="https://оголошення.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">оголошення.укр</a></li>
<li>Online Lessons <span lang="uk">Конспекти уроків на всі класи з усіх предметів</span> <a href="http://конспект.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">конспект.укр</a></li>
<li>Painting by numbers kits <span lang="uk">Картині за номерами</span> <a href="https://рисуй.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">рисуй.укр</a></li>
<li>Children's Books <span lang="uk">Дитячі книги з малюнками українською</span> <a href="https://казка.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">казка.укр</a></li>
<li>Tractors <a href="https://трактора.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">трактора.укр</a> <span style="font-family:monospace;">🚜.🇺🇦</span></li>
<li>Automotive Equipment <a href="https://прибор.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">прибор.укр</a></li>
<li>Battery Chargers <span lang="uk">Зарядний пристрій</span> <a href="https://аида.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">аида.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Disease Control & Prevention <a href="https://духолцмоз.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">духолцмоз.укр</a></li>
<li>Veres Children's Furniture <span lang="uk">Дитячі меблі Верес</span> <a href="https://верес.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">верес.укр</a></li>
<li>Paramedic <span lang="uk">Парамедик</span> <a href="https://парамедик.укр/ua/" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">парамедик.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Car Servicing Equipment <span lang="uk">Компанія «Гранд Інструмент» - найбільший в Україні постачальник обладнання та професійних інструментів для автосервісу</span> <a href="https://грандинструмент.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">грандинструмент.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Diary of Impressions <span lang="uk">Щоденник Вражень</span> <a href="https://щоденниквражень.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">щоденниквражень.укр</a></li>
<li>Mathematics <span lang="uk">Математика</span> <a href="http://математика.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">математика.укр</a></li>
<li>Hospital <span lang="uk">Новоушицька центральна лікарня</span> <a href="https://новоуш.црл.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">новоуш.црл.укр</a></li>
<li>Pulsar Construction <span lang="uk">Пульсар Констракшн</span> <a href="https://пульсар-констракшн.укр/uk" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">пульсар-констракшн.укр/uk</a></li>
<li>Technical Fabrics of Ukraine <span lang="uk">Технічні Тканини України</span> <a href="https://технічні-тканини.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">технічні-тканини.укр</a></li>
<li>Brodivskyi Forestry <span lang="uk">Бродівський лісгосп</span> <a href="http://броди-ліс.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">броди-ліс.укр</a></li>
<li>Seals <span lang="uk">Кременчук Гумотехніка</span> <a href="https://кременчукгумотехніка.укр/index.php/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">кременчукгумотехніка.укр/index.php/ua</a> & <a href="https://сальник.укр/index.php/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">сальник.укр/index.php/ua</a></li>
<li>Aroma Online <span lang="uk">Інтернет-магазин Арома</span> <a href="https://арома.укр/ua" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">арома.укр/ua</a></li>
<li>Plumbing <span lang="uk">ЮДИ Сантехника</span> <a href="https://юди-сантехника.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">юди-сантехника.укр</a></li>
<li>Academy of Sciences <span lang="uk">Мала академія наук України Тернопіль</span> <a href="https://ман.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">ман.укр</a></li>
<li>Diabetes <span lang="uk">Київський благодійний фонд «Діабетик»</span> <a href="https://діабетик.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">діабетик.укр</a></li>
<li>Prayer Book <span lang="uk">Молитовник</span> <a href="https://молитовник.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">молитовник.укр</a></li>
<li>JavaScript Help in Ukrainian <span lang="uk">ЯваСкрипт довідка українською</span> <a href="http://яваскрипт.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">яваскрипт.укр</a></li>
<li>Recycling <span lang="uk">Прийом вторсировини та відходів у м.Львів</span> <a href="https://прийомка-львів.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">прийомка-львів.укр</a></li>
<li>Kindergarten <span lang="uk">Дзвіночок, Заклад дошкільної освіти</span> <a href="https://дзвіночок.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">дзвіночок.укр</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
One of the Ukrainian Registrars for .укр domains is NIC.UA ➜ <a href="https://nic.ua/en/domains/.xn--j1amh" target="_blank">nic.ua/en/domains/.xn--j1amh</a> & <a href="https://twitter.com/nic_ua" target="_blank">twitter.com/nic_ua</a>
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-family:monospace;">🚜.🇺🇦</span> You have probably seen photos and videos of the Ukrainian Farmy using their tractors to tow away russian military equipment. The Ukrainian Domain Name <a href="https://трактора.укр" hreflang="uk" target="_blank">трактора.укр</a> is totally relevant to this as it translates to tractor.ukraine. So totally cool and so totally perfect.
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-78098772090365073722022-02-07T11:56:00.013+00:002022-02-07T13:07:41.598+00:00Hashtagging Irish Names which have an Apostrophe<p>
There are quite a number of Irish family names of the form OʼName. These names include OʼNeill, OʼBrien, OʼLeary, OʼRegan, OʼDell, OʼHara, OʼSullivan, OʼConnor, OʼBannon, OʼBoyle, OʼHanlon, OʼKeefe, OʼMalley and OʼReilly. There is an extensive list of Irish family names at <a href="https://familyeducation.com/baby-names/browse-origin/surname/irish" target="_blank">familyeducation.com/baby-names/browse-origin/surname/irish</a>
</p>
<p>
The apostrophe (that most people use on the internet) breaks a word and so, for example O'Hanlon is broken into O and 'Hanlon. Hashtagging O'Hanlon will result in the hashtag <span style="color:#1DA1F2;">#O</span> and the plain text 'Hanlon.
</p>
<p>
In Unicode there are actually three apostrophe characters.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;">
<li> ' U+0027 APOSTROPHE</li>
<li> ’ U+2019 RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK</li>
<li> ʼ U+02BC MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE</li>
</ol>
<p>
The first two apostrophe characters break words and hence hashtags. The last apostrophe though can be used to make unbroken hashtags. I have tested on twitter and facebook and it works just fine. Here is a tweet demonstrating use of the 3 apostrophes in hashtags ➜ <a href="https://twitter.com/andreschappo/status/1490669367528505350" target="_blank">twitter.com/andreschappo/status/1490669367528505350</a> In principle, it should work on those systems which account for Unicode character properties.
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-4035188667138976862021-09-13T12:14:00.023+01:002021-09-18T13:34:54.196+01:00Japanese Dog Food Domain Name<p>
This morning I discovered an excellent Japanese dog food domain name ➜ <a href="http://プレミアムドッグフード.コム" target="_blank">プレミアムドッグフード.コム</a> This translates as "premium dog food".com. It resolves to a well developed and complete website which provides comprehensive information on dog food.
</p>
<p>
The winning bonus feature of this site is that, as well as the domain name, the pathname part of the URLs is written in Japanese which is why I am writing about it in my blog. Many sites have an excellent non Latin Script domain name but, unfortunately and disappointingly, use ASCII for the pathname part of the URL.
</p>
<p>
Here are some of the fully Japanese URLs for <a href="http://プレミアムドッグフード.コム" target="_blank">プレミアムドッグフード.コム</a>.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;">
<li><a href="http://プレミアムドッグフード.コム/モグワンドッグフード" target="_blank">プレミアムドッグフード.コム/モグワンドッグフード</a></li>
<li><a href="http://プレミアムドッグフード.コム/カナガンドッグフード" target="_blank">プレミアムドッグフード.コム/カナガンドッグフード</a></li>
<li><a href="http://プレミアムドッグフード.コム/ネルソンズドッグフード/" target="_blank">プレミアムドッグフード.コム/ネルソンズドッグフード</a></li>
<li><a href="http://プレミアムドッグフード.コム/カテゴリー/ドッグフードの選び方" target="_blank">プレミアムドッグフード.コム/カテゴリー/ドッグフードの選び方</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
So, you have clicked one of the links in the above list and in the address bar of your browser you see the totally cool, fully Japanese URL. Suppose you now want to paste that URL into your word processor. You will most likely expect that what you see in the address bar of your browser is what you will get after the paste into your word processor. Well, sometimes you will and sometimes not. It will be dependent on the browser you are using.
</p>
<p>
As is common practice in computing and for good reasons, what is presented to users can be different to what is actually used under the bonnet. URLs may be ASCII encoded which for the domain name part will be punycode encoding <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punycode" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punycode</a> and for the pathname part will be percent encoding <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding</a>.
</p>
<p>
I tested copy/pasting of the browser address bar content to TextEdit with my current cocktail mix of browsers and versions. Safari, Opera and Yandex Яндекс gave me the fully Japanese URL text, which is what I want and as it should be.
</p>
<p>
Firefox gave me:<br>http://プレミアムドッグフード.コム/%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89<br>%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0%E3%83%95%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89/
</p>
<p>
Chrome and Naver Whale 네이버 웨일 gave me:<br>http://xn--cck2a6cxac5ej8dk1j3h.xn--tckwe/%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3<br>%83%89%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0%E3%83%95%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89/
</p>
<p>
These two ASCII encoded forms should never be presented to the user. This does not happen just with Japanese URLs. It happens with Unicode URLs. The Japanese characters are a subset of Unicode.
</p>
<p style='font-family:cursive;text-align:right;'>
Japanese Domain Name 日本語ドメイン名
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-32881617078929546592021-08-30T15:17:00.031+01:002021-09-02T10:26:51.895+01:00Water Margin Domain Names
<p>
Water Margin 水浒传/水滸傳 is one of the great Chinese classic novels. This novel features 108 heroes/outlaws. The .网址 Registry has individual webpages for many of these heroes, along with a Water Margin Domain Name of the form "hero name in simplfied chinese".网址. Below I list the heroes ordered by their ranking in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/108_Stars_of_Destiny" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/108_Stars_of_Destiny</a> and <a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/一百单八将" target="_blank">baike.baidu.com/item/一百单八将</a> Currently I have listed only the 36 Heavenly Spirits 三十六天罡. Maybe in the future I will also add the 72 Earthly Fiends 七十二地煞.
</p>
<p>
The format of each list item is:
<ul style="list-style-type:none;">
name, nickname, domain name
</ul>
I have included their nicknames because some of them are just so cool 😎
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;padding-left:0;margin-left:5em;">
<li>Song Jiang 宋江, Protector of Justice 呼保義 <a href="http://宋江.网址" target="_blank">宋江.网址</a></li>
<li>Lu Junyi 卢俊义, Jade Qilin 玉麒麟 <a href="http://卢俊义.网址" target="_blank">卢俊义.网址</a></li>
<li>Wu Yong 吴用, Resourceful Star 智多星 <a href="http://吴用.网址" target="_blank">吴用.网址</a></li>
<li>Gongsun Sheng 公孙胜, Dragon in the Clouds 入雲龍 <a href="http://公孙胜.网址" target="_blank">公孙胜.网址</a></li>
<li>Guan Sheng 关胜, Great Blade 大刀 <a href="http://关胜.网址" target="_blank">关胜.网址</a></li>
<li>Lin Chong 林冲, Panther Head 豹子頭 <a href="http://林冲.网址" target="_blank">林冲.网址</a></li>
<li>Qin Ming 秦明, Fiery Thunderbolt 霹靂火 <a href="http://秦明.网址" target="_blank">秦明.网址</a></li>
<li>Huyan Zhou 呼延灼, Double Clubs 雙鞭 <a href="http://呼延灼.网址" target="_blank">呼延灼.网址</a></li>
<li>Hua Rong 花荣, Little Li Guang 小李廣 <a href="http://花荣.网址" target="_blank">花荣.网址</a></li>
<li>Chai Jin 柴进, Little Whirlwind 小旋風 <a href="http://柴进.网址" target="_blank">柴进.网址</a></li>
<li>Li Ying 李应, Striking Hawk 撲天雕 <a href="http://李应.网址" target="_blank">李应.网址</a></li>
<li>Zhu Tong 朱仝, Lord of the Beautiful Beard 美鬚公 <a href="http://朱仝.网址" target="_blank">朱仝.网址</a></li>
<li>Lu Zhishen 鲁智深, Flowery Monk 花和尚 <a href="http://鲁智深.网址" target="_blank">鲁智深.网址</a></li>
<li>Wu Song 武松, Tiger-fighting Hero 打虎英雄 <a href="http://武松.网址" target="_blank">武松.网址</a></li>
<li>Dong Ping 董平, General of Double Spears 雙槍將 <a href="http://董平.网址" target="_blank">董平.网址</a></li>
<li>Zhang Qing 张清, Featherless Arrow 沒羽箭 <a href="http://张清.网址" target="_blank">张清.网址</a></li>
<li>Yang Zhi 杨志, Blue Faced Beast 青面獸 😞</li>
<li>Xu Ning 徐宁, Gold Lancer 金槍手 <a href="http://徐宁.网址" target="_blank">徐宁.网址</a></li>
<li>Suo Chao 索超, Impatient Vanguard 急先鋒 <a href="http://索超.网址" target="_blank">索超.网址</a></li>
<li>Dai Zong 戴宗, Magic Traveller 神行太保 <a href="http://戴宗.网址" target="_blank">戴宗.网址</a></li>
<li>Liu Tang 刘唐, Red Haired Devil 赤髮鬼 <a href="http://刘唐.网址" target="_blank">刘唐.网址</a></li>
<li>Li Kui 李逵, Black Whirlwind 黑旋風 <a href="http://李逵.网址" target="_blank">李逵.网址</a></li>
<li>Shi Jin 史进, Nine Tattooed Dragons 九紋龍 <a href="http://史进.网址" target="_blank">史进.网址</a></li>
<li>Mu Hong 穆弘, Unrestrained 沒遮攔 <a href="http://穆弘.网址" target="_blank">穆弘.网址</a></li>
<li>Lei Heng 雷横, Winged Tiger 插翅虎 <a href="http://雷横.网址" target="_blank">雷横.网址</a></li>
<li>Li Jun 李俊, River Dragon 混江龍 😞</li>
<li>Ruan Xiaoʼer 阮小二, Tai Sui Who Stands His Ground 立地太歲 😞</li>
<li>Zhang Heng 张横, Boatman 船火兒 <a href="http://张横.网址" target="_blank">张横.网址</a></li>
<li>Ruan Xiaowu 阮小五, Short-lived Second Brother 短命二郎 <a href="http://阮小五.网址" target="_blank">阮小五.网址</a></li>
<li>Zhang Shun 张顺, White Stripe in the Waves 浪里白條 😞</li>
<li>Ruan Xiaoqi 阮小七, Living King Yama 活閻羅 <a href="http://阮小七.网址" target="_blank">阮小七.网址</a></li>
<li>Yang Xiong 杨雄, Sick Guan Suo 病關索 😞</li>
<li>Shi Xiu 石秀, Daredevil Third Brother 拚命三郎 <a href="http://石秀.网址" target="_blank">石秀.网址</a></li>
<li>Xie Zhen 解珍, Double-headed Snake 兩頭蛇 <a href="http://解珍.网址" target="_blank">解珍.网址</a></li>
<li>Xie Bao 解宝, Twin-tailed Scorpion 雙尾蠍 <a href="http://解宝.网址" target="_blank">解宝.网址</a></li>
<li>Yan Qing 燕青, Prodigal 浪子 <a href="http://燕青.网址" target="_blank">燕青.网址</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
😞 means either There isnʼt a 网址 webpage for that character and hence no Water Margin Domain Name or I have not been able to find one.
</p>
<p style='font-family:cursive;text-align:right;'>
Chinese Domain Name 中文域名
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-87839735899549348802021-08-24T11:52:00.044+01:002021-08-28T11:27:25.530+01:00Dream of the Red Chamber Domain Names<p>
Dream of the Red Chamber 红楼梦 is one of the great classic Chinese novels, the author of which is Cao Xueqin 曹雪芹 <a href="http://曹雪芹.网址" target="_blank">曹雪芹.网址</a>. This novel contains an impressive 400+ characters.
</p>
<p>
In my article <a href="https://schappo.blogspot.com/2021/08/chinese-historical-figures.html" target="_blank">schappo.blogspot.com/2021/08/chinese-historical-figures.html</a> I introduced the impressive .网址 (website) Registry initiative which consists of many hundreds of single webpages each of which gives information on a person. The person may be fictional, real or mythical. Each of these single webpages has a domain name of the form "person name".网址. In my aforementioned article I listed a small number of "Dream of the Red Chamber Character".网址 domain names.
</p>
<p>I decided to set myself a challenge which was to find all the "Dream of the Red Chamber Character".网址 domain names and below is what I found. I think it highly likely there are more pages than I have found though I do assume there will not be pages for minor characters that make only a brief appearance in the novel.</p>
<p>
I have never read Dream of the Red Chamber and so have little knowledge of it. I may well have made mistakes and omitted relevant domain names in my list below. The first three items on my list are the three principle characters of the novel. Apart from that I have not made any attempt to organise or categorise the characters. I have just appended to the list, as I found their .网址 webpages.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;padding-left:0;margin-left:5em;">
<li>Jia Baoyu 贾宝玉 <a href="http://贾宝玉.网址" target="_blank">贾宝玉.网址</a></li>
<li>Lin Daiyu 林黛玉 <a href="http://林黛玉.网址" target="_blank">林黛玉.网址</a></li>
<li>Xue Baochai 薛宝钗 <a href="http://薛宝钗.网址" target="_blank">薛宝钗.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Zheng 贾政 <a href="http://贾政.网址" target="_blank">贾政.网址</a></li>
<li>Lady Wang 王夫人 <a href="http://王夫人.网址" target="_blank">王夫人.网址</a></li>
<li>Grandmother Jia 贾母 <a href="http://贾母.网址" target="_blank">贾母.网址</a></li>
<li>Qin Zhong 秦钟 <a href="http://秦钟.网址" target="_blank">秦钟.网址</a></li>
<li>Liu Xianglian 柳湘莲 <a href="http://柳湘莲.网址" target="_blank">柳湘莲.网址</a></li>
<li>Qin Keqing 秦可卿 <a href="http://秦可卿.网址" target="_blank">秦可卿.网址</a></li>
<li>Feng Ziying 冯紫英 <a href="http://冯紫英.网址" target="_blank">冯紫英.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Yuanchun 贾元春 <a href="http://贾元春.网址" target="_blank">贾元春.网址</a></li>
<li>Shi Xiangyun 史湘云 <a href="http://史湘云.网址" target="_blank">史湘云.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Huan 贾环 <a href="http://贾环.网址" target="_blank">贾环.网址</a></li>
<li>Jin Chuan 金钏 <a href="http://金钏.网址" target="_blank">金钏.网址</a></li>
<li>Qingwen 晴雯 <a href="http://晴雯.网址" target="_blank">晴雯.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Qiang 贾蔷 <a href="http://贾蔷.网址" target="_blank">贾蔷.网址</a></li>
<li>Ling Guan 龄官 <a href="http://龄官.网址" target="_blank">龄官.网址</a></li>
<li>Grandma Liu 刘姥姥 <a href="http://刘姥姥.网址" target="_blank">刘姥姥.网址</a></li>
<li>Miaoyu 妙玉 <a href="http://妙玉.网址" target="_blank">妙玉.网址</a></li>
<li>Pingʼer 平儿 <a href="http://平儿.网址" target="_blank">平儿.网址</a></li>
<li>Xiren 袭人 <a href="http://袭人.网址" target="_blank">袭人.网址</a></li>
<li>Li Wan 李纨 <a href="http://李纨.网址" target="_blank">李纨.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Tanchun 贾探春 <a href="http://贾探春.网址" target="_blank">贾探春.网址</a></li>
<li>Xue Baoqin 薛宝琴 <a href="http://薛宝琴.网址" target="_blank">薛宝琴.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Yucun 贾雨村 <a href="http://贾雨村.网址" target="_blank">贾雨村.网址</a></li>
<li>Zijuan 紫鹃 <a href="http://紫鹃.网址" target="_blank">紫鹃.网址</a></li>
<li>Third Sister You 尤三姐 <a href="http://尤三姐.网址" target="_blank">尤三姐.网址</a></li>
<li>Xiangling 香菱 <a href="http://香菱.网址" target="_blank">香菱.网址</a></li>
<li>Xue Pan 薛蟠 <a href="http://薛蟠.网址" target="_blank">薛蟠.网址</a></li>
<li>Jiang Yuhan 蒋玉菡 <a href="http://蒋玉菡.网址" target="_blank">蒋玉菡.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Zhen 贾珍 <a href="http://贾珍.网址" target="_blank">贾珍.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Rong 贾蓉 <a href="http://贾蓉.网址" target="_blank">贾蓉.网址</a></li>
<li>Concubine Zhao 赵姨娘 <a href="http://赵姨娘.网址" target="_blank">赵姨娘.网址</a></li>
<li>Si Qi 司棋 <a href="http://司棋.网址" target="_blank">司棋.网址</a></li>
<li>Lady Xing 邢夫人 <a href="http://邢夫人.网址" target="_blank">邢夫人.网址</a></li>
<li>Second Sister You 尤二姐 <a href="http://尤二姐.网址" target="_blank">尤二姐.网址</a></li>
<li>Fang Guan 芳官 <a href="http://芳官.网址" target="_blank">芳官.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Rui 贾瑞 <a href="http://贾瑞.网址" target="_blank">贾瑞.网址</a></li>
<li>Zhinengʼer 智能儿 <a href="http://智能儿.网址" target="_blank">智能儿.网址</a></li>
<li>Caixia 彩霞 <a href="http://彩霞.网址" target="_blank">彩霞.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Lan 贾兰 <a href="http://贾兰.网址" target="_blank">贾兰.网址</a></li>
<li>Sheyue 麝月 <a href="http://麝月.网址" target="_blank">麝月.网址</a></li>
<li>Qiaojie 巧姐 <a href="http://巧姐.网址" target="_blank">巧姐.网址</a></li>
<li>Xing Xiuyan 邢岫烟 <a href="http://邢岫烟.网址" target="_blank">邢岫烟.网址</a></li>
<li>Yuchaun 玉钏 <a href="http://玉钏.网址" target="_blank">玉钏.网址</a></li>
<li>Liu Wuʼer 柳五儿 <a href="http://柳五儿.网址" target="_blank">柳五儿.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Yingchun 贾迎春 <a href="http://贾迎春.网址" target="_blank">贾迎春.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Xichun 贾惜春 <a href="http://贾惜春.网址" target="_blank">贾惜春.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Jing 贾敬 <a href="http://贾敬.网址" target="_blank">贾敬.网址</a></li>
<li>Xue Ke 薛蝌 <a href="http://薛蝌.网址" target="_blank">薛蝌.网址</a></li>
<li>Jin Yuanyang 金鸳鸯 <a href="http://金鸳鸯.网址" target="_blank">金鸳鸯.网址</a></li>
<li>Wang Xifeng 王熙凤 <a href="http://王熙凤.网址" target="_blank">王熙凤.网址</a></li>
<li>Jia Lian 贾琏 <a href="http://贾琏.网址" target="_blank">贾琏.网址</a></li>
</ol>
<p style='font-family:cursive;text-align:right;'>
Chinese Domain Name 中文域名
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-52019676898437998842021-08-16T13:33:00.061+01:002021-08-22T14:51:43.511+01:00Chinese Historical Figures<p>
网址 means website and .网址 is a Chinese script gTLD (generic Top Level Domain). KNET is the registry for .网址. Detailed information about .网址 is available at <a href="http://nic.网址/index_en.html" target="_blank">English ➜ nic.网址/index_en.html</a> and <a href="http://nic.网址" target="_blank">Chinese ➜ nic.网址</a>. Namestat provides a comprehensive set of statistics for .网址 domains ➜ <a href="https://namestat.org/xn--ses554g" target="_blank">namestat.org/xn--ses554g</a>.
</p>
<p>
Now to an initiative which I consider to be creative, imaginative and seriously impressive. There are hundreds (maybe thousands) of .网址 webpages each of which describes a Chinese historical figure, an emperor, a poet, a painter and so on. The domain name of each webpage is of the form "Chinese Historical Figure".网址 (历史名人.网址). Within each webpage there are links to other (relevant) Chinese historical figures. Below I list a very small subset of these webpages. The webpages are in Chinese and so I have also included a link to a relevant English wikipedia page, if one is available.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;">
<li>Emperors
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;">
<li><a href="http://秦始皇.网址" target="_blank">秦始皇.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang</a></li>
<li><a href="http://李世民.网址" target="_blank">李世民.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Tang" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Tang</a></li>
<li><a href="http://朱棣.网址" target="_blank">朱棣.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperor</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Painters
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;">
<li><a href="http://张择端.网址" target="_blank">张择端.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Zeduan" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Zeduan</a></li>
<li><a href="http://仇英.网址" target="_blank">仇英.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiu_Ying" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiu_Ying</a></li>
<li><a href="http://恽寿平.网址" target="_blank">恽寿平.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yun_Shouping" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yun_Shouping</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Physicians
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;">
<li><a href="http://扁鹊.网址" target="_blank">扁鹊.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bian_Que" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bian_Que</a></li>
<li><a href="http://皇甫谧.网址" target="_blank">皇甫谧.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huangfu_Mi" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huangfu_Mi</a></li>
<li><a href="http://孙思邈.网址" target="_blank">孙思邈.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Simiao" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Simiao</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Poets
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;">
<li><a href="http://杜甫.网址" target="_blank">杜甫.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_Fu" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_Fu</a></li>
<li><a href="http://李白.网址" target="_blank">李白.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Bai</a></li>
<li><a href="http://王维.网址" target="_blank">王维.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Wei_(Tang_dynasty)" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Wei_(Tang_dynasty)</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Writers
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;">
<li><a href="http://曹雪芹.网址" target="_blank">曹雪芹.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Xueqin" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Xueqin</a></li>
<li><a href="http://罗贯中.网址" target="_blank">罗贯中.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luo_Guanzhong" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luo_Guanzhong</a></li>
<li><a href="http://吴承恩.网址" target="_blank">吴承恩.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Cheng%27en" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu Chengʼen</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li> The four beauties of ancient China 四大美女 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Beauties" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Beauties</a>
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;">
<li><a href="http://西施.网址" target="_blank">西施.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Shi" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Shi</a></li>
<li><a href="http://王昭君.网址" target="_blank">王昭君.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Zhaojun" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Zhaojun</a></li>
<li> No 网址 page <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaochan" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaochan</a></li>
<li><a href="http://杨玉环.网址" target="_blank">杨玉环.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Guifei" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Guifei</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li> Dream of the Red Chamber 红楼梦 (fictional) Characters <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_of_the_Red_Chamber" target="_blank"><span style="float:right;">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_of_the_Red_Chamber</span></a><br><br>
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;">
<li><a href="http://林黛玉.网址" target="_blank">林黛玉.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Daiyu" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Daiyu</a></li>
<li><a href="http://薛宝钗.网址" target="_blank">薛宝钗.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xue_Baochai" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xue_Baochai</a></li>
<li><a href="http://史湘云.网址" target="_blank">史湘云.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi_Xiangyun" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi_Xiangyun</a></li>
<li><a href="http://王熙凤.网址" target="_blank">王熙凤.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Xifeng" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Xifeng</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Water Margin 水浒传 (fictional) Characters <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Margin" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Margin</a>
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;">
<li><a href="http://蔡福.网址" target="_blank">蔡福.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cai_Fu" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cai_Fu</a></li>
<li><a href="http://林冲.网址" target="_blank">林冲.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Chong" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Chong</a></li>
<li><a href="http://鲁智深.网址" target="_blank">鲁智深.网址</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu_Zhishen" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu_Zhishen</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<p>
You can explore .网址 domain websites using the site command ➜ <a href="https://google.com/search?q=site:.网址" target="_blank">google.com/search?q=site:.网址</a>
</p>
<p style='font-family:cursive;text-align:right;'>
Chinese Domain Name 中文域名
</p>
André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-60600455156204937262021-07-12T15:47:00.057+01:002023-06-28T10:47:17.059+01:00Embracing Native Script Person Names
<p>
I have long considered that we should do more to embrace and encourage use of native script person names rather than only using romanised person names. It seems to me, at times, that native script person names are being romanised out of existence.
</p>
<p>
Here are some real person names in both romanised and native script forms. I have written the romanised names in the conventional English ordering of given name followed by family name.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:cjk-ideographic;">
<li>Su-wei Hsieh 謝淑薇 <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/謝淑薇" target="_blank">zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/謝淑薇</a></li>
<li>Jae-suk Yoo 유재석 <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/유재석" target="_blank">ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/유재석</a></li>
<li>Kyoko Fukada 深田恭子 <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/深田恭子" target="_blank">ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/深田恭子</a></li>
<li>Chinnawut Inthra-khusin ชินวุฒ อินทรคูสิน <a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ชินวุฒ_อินทรคูสิน" target="_blank">th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ชินวุฒ_อินทรคูสิน</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
Here are some considerations for embracing and encouraging use of native script names in an International English context.
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:75%">🌎</span> <span style="font-weight:600;">Let people know you have a native script name. </span> It is my (English) experience and observations that romanised names dominate and take precedence over native script names. I belong to a number of international email lists and forums and those members that do have native acript names usually only use their romanised names in communication. I suggest, instead, that you always use both your romanised and native script names eg at the end of your email or in an email signature. I encourage my students to, at every possible opportunity, use both romanised and native script names eg on the cover page of their project report. Think of your name as being complete when it is presented as a language pair, such as, Jae-suk Yoo 유재석 or Jae-suk 재석.
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:75%">🌍</span> <span style="font-weight:600;">When communicating with someone, make an effort to learn and use their native script name. </span> I am not expecting you to learn how to write a name in , say, Chinese, Thai, or Arabic. Rather, learn how best to address that person with their native script name. The person's preference may be for given name only or full name or some other convention. You have, of course, already saved that person's native script name and so all you need to do is a copy/paste.
</p>
<p>
Then there are Latin script names which have letters with diacritics. My given name has the acute accent over the letter e. So, my given name written correctly is André. How many people write my name correctly? Not many!! Most write my name as Andre!! It really is not very difficult to write my name correctly. All it takes is a tiny tiny amount of thought and effort. Many keyboards have a feature to make writing letters with diacritics easy. If I hold down the e key on my ABC - Extended OSX keyboard I am presented with a popup which gives me a choice of è or é or ê or ë or ē or ė or ę. Hold down the a key and I have a choice between à or á or â or ä or æ or ã or å or ā. Experiment with your keyboard. Press and hold some of the keys and see what happens. Many person names use letters with diacritics, not just mine. Ciarán, Órlaith and Ruairí are Irish Gaelic names which have the fada diacritic. Now that you know how easy it is to write Latin script letters with diacritics, I expect you to write such names correctly!
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:75%">🌏</span> <span style="font-weight:600;">Store both the native script name and romanised name in your database. </span> So, you have an online form for a person to enter their details. Your form may, for example, request entry of family name and given name and only allow the person to enter ASCII characters. I suggest then that you have an additional field which allows the person to enter their native script name. This field should accept Unicode characters as Unicode encompasses many human language scripts and will eventually cover all known human language scripts. Entering Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Thai, Arabic ...etc... names now becomes possible. Entering my name correctly now becomes possible. Currently, I am suggesting that this field would not be a primary key field but rather would complement the romanised name.
</p>
<p>
Think of university graduation certificates. In the UK, the name of the student to whom it is awarded will have their name printed in romanised form only. We now have the native script name in the database and so we can have a certificate with a student's romanised and native script names. That would be so cool and adds to the international credentials of the university. I wonder which UK university will be the first to do it?
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:75%">🌎</span> <span style="font-weight:600;">Use romanised and native script name pairs in your social media posts. </span> My informal observations indicate that the majority of social media posts use romanised names only. The native script name is now available in the database and so, at every opportunity, use the name pair in your social media posts. A simple user interface to the database could provide the name pair as a single click copy which then can then be pasted into social media posts.
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:75%">🌎</span> <span style="font-weight:600;">How to write the possessive form of a name pair?</span> Over the years I have tried various constructs for writing the possessive with a name pair and never being satisfied with any of the constructs I have devised, until recently. In my twitter thread <a href="https://twitter.com/andreschappo/status/1383516851854987273" target="_blank">twitter.com/andreschappo/status/1383516851854987273</a> I have devised name pair possessive constructs for English and Korean language contexts which I am happy with.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:korean-hangul-formal;padding-left:0;margin-left:2.0cm;">
<li>English language context: (Subin Yang 양수빈)’s ...</li>
<li>Korean language context: (양수빈 Subin Yang)의 ...</li>
</ol>
<p>
<span style="font-size:75%">🌍</span> <span style="font-weight:600;">Romanised names can be much less accurate than native script names. </span>
There are many different romanisations standards. There are name romanisations which do not adhere to any standard. Thus there can be more than one romanisation of a native script name, thus making the romanised names non unique and inaccurate. Here is a fictious and exaggerated for humourous effect example.
</p>
<p>
There is also a crucial consideration with respect to Chinese names. The hanyu pinyin 汉语拼音 (the standard romanisation used in China, there are other romanisations) form is much less accurate than the native script form. Many different Chinese names can be written with the same pinyin. A pinyin syllable usually has several/many different Chinese characters. Hong, for example, could be the pinyin for the Chinese characters 红 or 虹. Imagine reading the following dialogue which features several Chinese people each with a different Chinese name but written in Hanyu Pinyin, all the names are the same.
</p>
<p>
Hi Hong Wang. Oh, Hi Hong Wang I did not notice you. These are my classmates Hong Wang, Hong Wang and Hong Wang. We are just going for a drink. Please do join us and bring your friend Hong Wang. Sorry, we cannot as we are going to a football match where we will be meeting with our work colleagues Hong Wang, Hong Wang, Hong Wang, Hong Wang, Hong Wang, Hong Wang, Hong Wang and Hong Wang ...etc...😀
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:75%">🌏</span> <span style="font-weight:600;">If you teach Computer Science you can contribute to this endeavour and at the same time greatly enhance the skills of your students.</span> If your teaching involves any aspect of text then go beyond ASCII text and incorporate Unicode text into your teaching. The Unicode code charts illustrate how extensive and inclusive Unicode is ➜ <a href="https://unicode.org/charts" target="_blank">unicode.org/charts/</a>
</p>
<p>
Letʼs assume you are teaching a module on databases. You will be teaching your students skills, such as, setting up database tables, defining text fields, storing text, sorting on text fields, searching text fields and so on. It is highly likely that one or more such text fields will be person names. Populate those name fields with non Latin script text or Latin script names with diacritics. Enrich your teaching by incorporating native script Thai, Japanese, Korean, Arabic ...etc... person names. Set an assignment that involves storing, sorting and searching native script Chinese names.
</p>
<p>
An added advantage of incorporating Unicode person names into your teaching is that you will be developing global skills in your students and encouraging global thinking.
<p>
<span style="font-size:75%">🌏</span> <span style="font-weight:600;">Usernames and Passwords and Email Addresses do not need to be ASCII only. </span> In additional to traditional person names there are internet person identifiers in the form of usernames and email addresses. Many Systems/Computer Scientists/Programmers/Sys Admins insist that these identifiers have to be ASCII. I can assure you that these identifiers can be Unicode rather than ASCII which means these identifiers can consist of characters from most any human language script. I setup my <a href="https://www.spotify.com/" target="_blank">spotify.com</a> with a Japanese Kana かな username and a Korean Hangul 한글 password.
</p>
<p>
Whilst thinking about this article, I remembered <a href="https://kalzumeus.com/2010/06/17/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-names">kalzumeus.com/2010/06/17/falsehoods-programmers-believe-about-names</a> So funny and so true🙂
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-60423947244070063202021-06-16T15:42:00.084+01:002021-06-19T15:49:47.961+01:00An Impressive Korean Domain Name Front End Website<p>
<a href="https://emmaru.com" target="_blank">emmaru.com</a> provides comprehensive information about Korean restaurants, pensions, festivals, hospitals and more. This site also has an online shopping mall. They provide an API to access emmaru content.
</p>
<p>
There is a very impressive and very clever site which provides a Korean Domain Name (KDN) front end to emmaru content. This front end has not just one KDN link but thousands of KDN links!
</p>
<p>
So, first of all, letʼs start with the root entry Korean KDNs, which are:
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:korean-hangul-formal;padding-left:0;margin-left:2.0cm;">
<li><a href="http://동맛집.한국" target="_blank">동맛집.한국</a> contains 6127 outbound KDN links (checked on 17th June 2021) </li>
<li><a href="http://역맛집.한국" target="_blank">역맛집.한국</a> contains 1264 outbound KDN links (checked on 17th June 2021) </li>
</ol>
<p>
The number of KDN links may well change over time. If you want to recheck my link numbers then you can use <a href="https://smallseotools.com/website-links-count-checker" target="_blank">smallseotools.com/website-links-count-checker</a>.
</p>
<p>
There are a small number of broken links. The broken links I have spotted are those that contain the brackets ( and ) which are illegal characters for a KDN.
</p>
<p>
In order for me to explain the KDNs it is better if you have some understanding of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Korea" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Korea</a> To make it easier for you, I list below, from major to minor, the division names used in this site's naming of their KDNs.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:korean-hangul-formal;padding-left:0;margin-left:2.0cm;">
<li>gun 군 county</li>
<li>gu 구 district</li>
<li>eup 읍 town</li>
<li>myeon 면 township</li>
<li>dong 동 neighbourhood</li>
</ol>
<p>
So, now onto an explanation of the KDN <a href="http://동맛집.한국" target="_blank">동맛집.한국</a>. 동 = dong, an administrative division of Korea. 맛집 means restaurant. 한국 is the TLD (Top Level Domain) for Korea (South). The landing page of <a href="http://동맛집.한국" target="_blank">동맛집.한국</a> consists of thousands of live clickable KDN links presented in a table organised hierarchically by adminstrative division. Clicking on a KDN link will result in a list of restaurants for that administrative division being displayed. Here is a screen shot of a small part of the landing page.
</p>
<figure>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKo8NftiARS0bQrjA7WPF473YBQG13yZuQjRCWT9v85QrZeVJdW7hFFF6y-uqH-ryMyABN9BdsP3p5bxQFZKKiL-5PuRpHzCf5WUDTf7AqzgF3n0Hf3ql5cXBCPf8FA17A-XvFMcEWaOc/s1131/ulsan.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0 0.2em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="600" data-original-height="367" data-original-width="1131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKo8NftiARS0bQrjA7WPF473YBQG13yZuQjRCWT9v85QrZeVJdW7hFFF6y-uqH-ryMyABN9BdsP3p5bxQFZKKiL-5PuRpHzCf5WUDTf7AqzgF3n0Hf3ql5cXBCPf8FA17A-XvFMcEWaOc/s600/ulsan.png"/></a></div>
<figcaption style="text-align:center;font-size:80%;">Ulsan City Administrative Divisions</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>
The text in the horizontal gray header is 울산 which is Ulsan city in south east Korea <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulsan" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulsan</a>. The left column lists administrative divisions of Ulsan: namgu 남구, donggu 동구, bukgu 북구, uljugun 울주군, junggu 중구. The right side column is filled with live clickable KDN links. The administrative division name forms part of the KDN. Here are some examples from the screen shot, above. I have coloured the relevant division names green.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:korean-hangul-formal;padding-left:0;margin-left:2.0cm;">
<li>mugeo<span style="color:green;">dong</span> 무거<span style="color:green;">동</span> <a href="http://무거.동맛집.한국" target="_blank">무거.<span style="color:green;">동</span>맛집.한국</a></li>
<li>jeonha<span style="color:green;">dong</span> 전하<span style="color:green;">동</span> <a href="http://전하.동맛집.한국" target="_blank">전하.<span style="color:green;">동</span>맛집.한국</a></li>
<li>yeonam<span style="color:green;">dong</span> 연암<span style="color:green;">동</span> <a href="http://연암.동맛집.한국" target="_blank">연암.<span style="color:green;">동</span>맛집.한국</a></li>
<li>samnam<span style="color:green;">myeong</span> 삼남<span style="color:green;">면</span> <a href="http://삼남면.동맛집.한국" target="_blank">삼남<span style="color:green;">면</span>.동맛집.한국</a></li>
<li>onsan<span style="color:green;">eup</span> 온산<span style="color:green;">읍</span> <a href="http://온산읍.동맛집.한국" target="_blank">온산<span style="color:green;">읍</span>.동맛집.한국</a></li>
<li>dong<span style="color:green;">dong</span> 동<span style="color:green;">동</span> <a href="http://동.동맛집.한국" target="_blank">동.<span style="color:green;">동</span>맛집.한국</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
In the <a href="http://무거.동맛집.한국" target="_blank">무거.동맛집.한국</a> list I noticed Singular Café 싱귤러커피 which is a hanok 한옥 style building <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanok" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanok</a>. Very impressive! Here is a kakao road view 카카오로드뷰 so you can see it in situ ➜ <a href="http://kko.to/LiUUChofM" target="_blank">http://kko.to/LiUUChofM</a>
</p>
<p>
Now on to <a href="http://역맛집.한국" target="_blank">역맛집.한국</a> ( station restaurant(s) . korea ). This page presents a table of stations divided into subway stations 지하철역, Korea Train Express 한국고속철도/KTX 케이티엑스 stations and standard train stations 기차역. The table has over a thousand live clickable KDNs. The KDNs are station names and when clicked will display a page listing restaurants near that station. Here is a screen shot of the Seoul Subway Line 7 stations 서울 7호선 part of the <a href="http://역맛집.한국" target="_blank">역맛집.한국</a> landing page.
</p>
<figure>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXeD_WrX4RYd2Z-2FLMv-pPlCnp-jZiId6mSlRSBTn7w15ujQXIosPOwam2rUqsHJcjI41TBIX3NMR4SZZUf7BBdMyE4m5L00vwlDPpD3eswOU337bsCoBmv7q-IEU0ld57qZekpmRscI/s1070/station.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0 0.2em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="600" data-original-height="172" data-original-width="1070" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXeD_WrX4RYd2Z-2FLMv-pPlCnp-jZiId6mSlRSBTn7w15ujQXIosPOwam2rUqsHJcjI41TBIX3NMR4SZZUf7BBdMyE4m5L00vwlDPpD3eswOU337bsCoBmv7q-IEU0ld57qZekpmRscI/s600/station.png"/></a></div>
<figcaption style="text-align:center;font-size:80%;">Seoul Subway Line 7 Stations</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>
The right side table column lists the names of the stations on Line 7. The last character in each name is 역 which means station. The first name is Jangam Station 장암역 which is at the northern end of the line and the last name listed is Bupyeonggu Office station 부평구청역 at the south western end of the line. Seoul subway can be viewed at <a href="http://seoulmetro.co.kr/en/cyberStation.do" target="_blank">seoulmetro.co.kr/en/cyberStation.do</a> Here are some of the stations on Line 7.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:korean-hangul-formal;padding-left:0;margin-left:2.0cm;">
<li>jangam station 장암역 <a href="http://장암.역맛집.한국/" target="_blank">장암.역맛집.한국</a></li>
<li>sangbong station 상봉역 <a href="http://상봉.역맛집.한국/" target="_blank">상봉.역맛집.한국</a></li>
<li>isu station 이수역 <a href="http://이수.역맛집.한국/" target="_blank">이수.역맛집.한국</a></li>
<li>namseong station 남성역 <a href="http://남성.역맛집.한국/" target="_blank">남성.역맛집.한국</a></li>
<li>cheolsan station 철산역 <a href="http://철산.역맛집.한국/" target="_blank">철산.역맛집.한국</a></li>
<li>sangdong station 상동역 <a href="http://상동.역맛집.한국/" target="_blank">상동.역맛집.한국</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
대군코다리 is a restaurant near to dobongsan station 도봉산역 on Line 7 <a href="http://도봉산.역맛집.한국" target="_blank">도봉산.역맛집.한국</a>. Here is a 대군코다리 kakao road view 카카오로드뷰 <a href="http://kko.to/_y3B1qo4p" target="_blank">kko.to/_y3B1qo4p</a>.
</p>
<p>
I have spent many years exploring IDNs (Internationalized Domain Names) of which KDNs are a subset. I have never before encountered a site having such an impressively huge set of IDNs. Here is a brief explanation of the basics of how it works. The KDNs <a href="http://동맛집.한국" target="_blank">동맛집.한국</a> and <a href="http://역맛집.한국" target="_blank">역맛집.한국</a> are registered with the Korean National Registry and are resolved by the Korean National DNS (Domain Name System) servers. X in X.동맛집.한국 and Y.역맛집.한국 are the 7391 KDN subdomains and are entered and resolved in the local DNS which in this case is JooDNS 주디엔에스 DNS <a href="http://joodns.com" target="_blank">joodns.com</a> If you would like to observe what is happening with the DNS servers you can experiment with <a href="https://simpledns.plus/lookup-dg" target="_blank">simpledns.plus/lookup-dg</a> using the KDNs from <a href="http://동맛집.한국" target="_blank">동맛집.한국</a> and <a href="http://역맛집.한국" target="_blank">역맛집.한국</a>.
</p>
<p>
Similarly, but on a much much much smaller scale, my office Mac has the subdomains zaffre and 小山. I set this up in my University's local DNS many years ago. It makes for an interesting demo to my students when I connect remotely to my office Mac using it's 小山 name. Most students are surprised and not expecting it to work🙂
</p>
<p style='font-family:cursive;text-align:right;'>
Korean Domain Name 한글 도메인 네임
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-87366167964703228322021-05-20T15:26:00.004+01:002021-05-20T16:21:57.656+01:00Millions of Domain Names<p>
There are a number of organisations which maintain ranked lists of popular Domain Names where popular is determined by the criteria of said organisation.
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:70%;">🌏</span> <span style="font-weight:700;">Cisco Umbrella 1 Million</span> <a href="https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/cisco-umbrella-1-million" target="_blank">umbrella.cisco.com/blog/cisco-umbrella-1-million</a>
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:70%;">🌏</span> <span style="font-weight:700;">DomCop Top 10 million domains</span> <a href="https://domcop.com/top-10-million-domains" target="_blank">domcop.com/top-10-million-domains</a>
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:70%;">🌏</span> <span style="font-weight:700;">The Majestic Million</span> <a href="https://majestic.com/reports/majestic-million" target="_blank">majestic.com/reports/majestic-million</a>
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:70%;">🌏</span> <span style="font-weight:700;">DN Pedia: Top Million Websites & TLDs</span> <a href="https://dnpedia.com/tlds/topm.php" target="_blank">dnpedia.com/tlds/topm.php</a> Provides an interactive interface to the Alexa Top 1 Million list.
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-4979937705962731252021-05-07T13:37:00.018+01:002021-06-06T16:15:43.275+01:00IDN (Internationalized Domain Names) Statistics<p>
The following sites give information on the number of registrations of IDN TLDs (Internationalised Domain Name Top Level Domains). These IDN TLDs use scripts other than the Latin script. IDN TLDs include, for example, .भारत (India) and .我爱你 (I Love You). For full list of TLDs, please see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains</a>
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:70%;">🌏</span> <span style="font-weight:700;">dotTLD.net</span> <a href="https://dottld.net/" target="_blank">dottld.net</a> lists the approximate number of domain name registrations for each TLD (Top Level Domain). Thay have one section dedicated to IDNs <a href="https://www.dottld.net/tlds-idn.php" target="_blank">dottld.net/tlds-idn.php</a>
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:70%;">🌎</span> <span style="font-weight:700;">namestat</span> <a href="https://namestat.org" target="_blank">namestat.org</a>. ICANN IDN new gTLDs are listed at <a href="https://namestat.org/s/top-idns" target=_blank">namestat.org/s/top-idns</a>
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:70%;">🌎</span> <span style="font-weight:700;">Domain Name Stats</span> <a href="https://domainnamestats.com" target="_blank">domainnamestats.com</a>. Click the top level light green button to select the category IDNs. It will remember your choice in a cookie.
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:70%;">🌍</span> <span style="font-weight:700;">Domain Name Stat</span> <a href="https://domainnamestat.com" target="_blank">domainnamestat.com</a>. Can list by TLD type such as generic or country but cannot list IDNs only and IDNs are displayed as punycode and not Unicode.
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:70%;">🌏</span> <span style="font-weight:700;">nTLDStats</span> <a href="https://ntldstats.com/tld" target="_blank">ntldstats.com/tld</a>. It has stats on ICANN New gTLDs <a href="https://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/delegated-strings" target="_blank">newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/delegated-strings</a> and does not have a separate section explicitly for IDNs only.
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:70%;">🌏</span> <span style="font-weight:700;">Registries</span> will have information on the IDN TLDs they manage. KRNIC (Korea Network Information Centre) manage .한국 (Korea) and the stats are available on their website at <a href="https://한국인터넷정보센터.한국/jsp/eng/domain/kr/statistics.jsp" target=_blank">한국인터넷정보센터.한국/jsp/eng/domain/kr/statistics.jsp</a>
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:70%;">🌏</span> <span style="font-weight:700;">domain-status daily registrations</span> <a href="https://domain-status.com" target="_blank">domain-status.com</a> Provides daily domain name registrations for TLDs .com, .net, .org, .info, .us, .name, .asia and .pro.
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-22695608421282500782021-05-05T13:16:00.075+01:002021-08-17T08:28:31.087+01:00Jongno Hall Restaurant<p>
Jongno Hall 종로회관 is a restaurant in Jeonju city 전주시, South Korea. It's website has the Korean Domain Name <a href="http://종로회관.닷컴" target="_blank">종로회관.닷컴</a> where 닷컴 is Verisign's Korean Hangul dot com. Here is Jongno Hall on Kakao Road View 카카오로드뷰 <a href="http://kko.to/ugAQkBLYT" target="_blank">kko.to/ugAQkBLYT</a>.
</p>
<p>
Majestic have <span style="font-weight:600;">The Majestic Million</span> which is their list of the domain names of the top 1 million websites according to their link based ranking system <a href="https://majestic.com/reports/majestic-million" target="_blank">majestic.com/reports/majestic-million</a> The Majestic Million is, as you were probably expecting, dominated by dot com, eg google.com is at position 1, the highest rank, followed closely by facebook.com at position 2. There are though a small number non ASCII TLDs (Top Level Domains) in the list, such as: 한국 (South Korea), москва (moscow), 网络 (internet) and 닷컴 (dot com).
</p>
<p>
Much to my (pleasant) surprise, on April 25th 2021, Jongno Hall's domain <a href="http://종로회관.닷컴" target="_blank">종로회관.닷컴</a> made a grand entrance into The Majestic Million at position 960,703 and was labelled as a "New Entry". Since then it has been rapidly climbing up the rankings and currently (17th August 2021) has ranking position 43,197. I was tracking progress on a (mostly) daily basis which you can see on my twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/andreschappo/status/1386295644164399105" target="_blank">twitter.com/andreschappo/status/1386295644164399105</a> or <a href="https://고.한국/jongno" target="_blank">고.한국/jongno</a>.
</p>
<p>
Instant Page 인스턴트 페이지 <a href="http://instantpage.kr/home/makepage" target="_blank">instantpage.kr/home/makepage</a> lists Jongno Hall Restaurant website <a href="http://종로회관.닷컴" target="_blank">종로회관.닷컴</a> as one of their works.
</p>
<p>
You are now probably expecting a conclusion with an explanation of why Jongno Hall has entered and is rapidly climbing The Majestic Million rankings. Well... sorry to disappoint but I do not have an explanation 🤔 😳 I guess SEO and/or promotion. If you have any insights please do tweet or message me at <a href="https://twitter.com/andreschappo" target="_blank">https://twitter.com/andreschappo</a>
</p>
<p>
<span style="font-weight:600;">Update 10th July 2021:</span> The improvement in ranking of <a href="http://종로회관.닷컴" target="_blank">종로회관.닷컴</a> has significantly slowed down so I am now going to stop regularly monitoring this site. I will check back occasionally. If you would like to see it's ranking position for yourself then please visit <a href="https://majestic.com/reports/majestic-million?majesticMillionType=2&tld=xn--mk1bu44c&oq=" target="_blank">https://majestic.com/reports/majestic-million?majesticMillionType=2&tld=닷컴&oq=</a>. You will be presented with a list of all domains in "The Majestic Million" with the TLD (Top Level Domain) 닷컴 which currently is just <a href="http://종로회관.닷컴" target="_blank">종로회관.닷컴</a>.
</p>
<p style='font-family:cursive;text-align:right;'>
Korean Domain Name 한글 도메인 네임
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-33883802298662688762021-03-16T14:59:00.028+00:002021-06-13T11:47:50.979+01:00KISA and KRNIC Korean Domain Names<style>
@counter-style circled-korean-syllable {
system: fixed;
symbols: '\326E' '\326F' '\3270' '\3271' '\3272' '\3273' '\3274' '\3275' '\3276' '\3277' '\3278' '\3279' '\327A' '\327B';
/* symbols: '㉮' '㉯' '㉰' '㉱' '㉲' '㉳' '㉴' '㉵' '㉶' '㉷' '㉸' '㉹' '㉺' '㉻'; */
suffix: ' ';
};
</style>
KISA Korea Internet & Security Agency 한국인터넷진흥원 has responsibilities for South Korea's National networking infrastructure, one of these being to function as the KRNIC Korea Network Information Center 국인터넷정보센터.
<ol style="list-style:circled-korean-syllable;font-size:130%;
padding-left:0;margin-left:2.0cm;">
<li><span style='font-size:78%'><a href="https://한국인터넷진흥원.한국" target="_blank">한국인터넷진흥원.한국</a> KISA</span></li>
<li><span style='font-size:78%'><a href="https://인터넷진흥원.한국" target="_blank">인터넷진흥원.한국</a> KISA</span></li>
<li><span style='font-size:78%'><a href="https://한국인터넷정보센터.한국" target="_blank">한국인터넷정보센터.한국</a> KRNIC</span></li>
<li><span style='font-size:78%'><a href="http://인터넷정보센터.한국" target="_blank">인터넷정보센터.한국</a> KRNIC</span></li>
<li><span style='font-size:78%'><a href="https://후이즈검색.한국" target="_blank">후이즈검색.한국</a> whois</span></li>
</ol>
<p>
Here are kakao road views 카카오로드뷰 of KISA's office building in Naju city 나주시 <a href="http://kko.to/VhocloGDp" target="_blank">kko.to/VhocloGDp</a> and <a href="http://kko.to/HINKNBJDp" target="_blank">kko.to/HINKNBJDp</a>.
</p>
<p style='font-family:cursive;text-align:right;'>
Korean Domain Name 한글 도메인 네임
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-24130141813654328252021-03-14T13:04:00.006+00:002021-03-14T15:49:17.176+00:00Sempio Foods Korean Domain Names<p>
Sempio Foods 샘표식품 is a South Korean food manufacturer. It's products include soy sauce 간장, gochujang 고추장, tea 차 and noodles 국수. Detailed information about Sempio and itʼs products available in English at <a href="http://en.sempio.com" target="_blank">en.sempio.com</a>
</p>
<p>
There are three available Korean Hangul TLDs (Top Level Domains): 한국 Korea, 닷컴 dot com and 닷넷 dot net. I am pleased to be able to report that Sempio 샘표 has domain names with all these Korea TLDs and they all resolve to active websites. Additionally Sempio has an ASCII com TLD domain name.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:korean-hangul-formal;padding-left:0;margin-left:2.0cm;">
<li><a href="http://샘표.한국" target="_blank">샘표.한국</a></li>
<li><a href="http://샘표.닷컴" target="_blank">샘표.닷컴</a></li>
<li><a href="http://샘표.닷넷" target="_blank">샘표.닷넷</a></li>
<li><a href="http://샘표.com" target="_blank">샘표.com</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
Sempio have transformed the exterior of their Icheon 이천시 factory into a wonderfully creative and colourful work of art. Here is a Naver street view of their Icheon factory <a href="http://naver.me/xw6DgaX6" target="_blank">naver.me/xw6DgaX6</a>. They also have a Sempio history museum and art exhibition space inside their factory. <a href="https://blog.naver.com/nightsho/70149640713" target="_blank">blog.naver.com/nightsho/70149640713</a> has an excellent set of photos of both the exterior and interior of the Sempio factory.
</p>
<p style='font-family:cursive;text-align:right;'>
Korean Domain Name 한글 도메인 네임
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-61813122119236202462021-02-27T11:06:00.019+00:002021-03-12T13:37:25.176+00:00Jobband Korean Domain Names<p>
Jobband 잡밴드 is a Korean Recruitment Agency. It has an impressively huge set of Korean Domain Names. Each is named for a specific occupation and their website adapts content according to that occupation eg <a href="http://메디컬잡.닷컴" target="_blank">메디컬잡.닷컴</a> ➜ 메디컬 medical 잡 job 닷컴 dot com. To put it another way, their site is Domain Name Adaptive.
</p>
<p>
So far, I have found 60 of their Korean Domain Names, as below. There are, most likely, more of them.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:korean-hangul-formal;padding-left:0;margin-left:2.0cm;">
<li>Confectionary & Bakery <a href="http://제과제빵.닷컴" target="_blank">제과제빵.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Private Car Driver <a href="http://승용기사.닷컴" target="_blank">승용기사.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Sales Position <a href="http://판매직.닷컴" target="_blank">판매직.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Interpreter/Translator <a href="http://통번역.한국" target="_blank">통번역.한국</a></li>
<li>World Trade <a href="http://트레이드잡.닷컴" target="_blank">트레이드잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Driving <a href="http://운전직.한국" target="_blank">운전직.한국</a></li>
<li>Heavy Equipment <a href="http://중장비잡.닷컴" target="_blank">중장비잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Office <a href="http://사무직.닷컴" target="_blank">사무직.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Secretary <a href="http://경리비서.닷컴" target="_blank">경리비서.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Marketing <a href="http://마케팅잡.닷컴" target="_blank">마케팅잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>IT <a href="http://아이티잡.닷컴" target="_blank">아이티잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Design <a href="http://설계잡.닷컴" target="_blank">설계잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Broadcasting Media <a href="http://미디어잡.닷컴" target="_blank">미디어잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Law <a href="http://법률직.닷컴" target="_blank">법률직.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Tax Accounting <a href="http://세무직.닷컴" target="_blank">세무직.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Sales Business <a href="http://영업직.닷컴" target="_blank">영업직.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Production <a href="http://생산직.닷컴" target="_blank">생산직.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Machine Operator <a href="http://머신잡.닷컴" target="_blank">머신잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Telephone Sales <a href="http://텔레마케터.닷컴" target="_blank">텔레마케터.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Estate Agent <a href="http://부동산잡.닷컴" target="_blank">부동산잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Hotel Service <a href="http://호텔잡.닷컴" target="_blank">호텔잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Motel Service <a href="http://모텔잡.닷컴" target="_blank">모텔잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Pension Service <a href="http://펜션잡.닷컴" target="_blank">펜션잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Korean Food Cook <a href="http://한식잡.닷컴" target="_blank">한식잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Western Food Cook <a href="http://양식잡.닷컴" target="_blank">양식잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Chinese Food Cook <a href="http://중식잡.닷컴" target="_blank">중식잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Japanese Food Cook <a href="http://일식잡.닷컴" target="_blank">일식잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Medical <a href="http://메디컬잡.닷컴" target="_blank">메디컬잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Nursing <a href="http://간호잡.닷컴" target="_blank">간호잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Dental Service <a href="http://덴탈잡.닷컴" target="_blank">덴탈잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Part-Time <a href="http://알바.닷넷" target="_blank">알바.닷넷</a></li>
<li>Overseas <a href="http://교포잡.닷컴" target="_blank">교포잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Sailor Crewman <a href="http://선원.한국" target="_blank">선원.한국</a></li>
<li>Nail Art <a href="http://네일아트.닷컴" target="_blank">네일아트.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Construction <a href="http://건설.한국" target="_blank">건설.한국</a></li>
<li>Plumber <a href="http://배관설비잡.닷컴" target="_blank">배관설비잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Carpenter <a href="http://목수.한국" target="_blank">목수.한국</a></li>
<li>Industrial Plant <a href="http://플랜트.한국" target="_blank">플랜트.한국</a></li>
<li>Private Tutor <a href="http://과외쌤.닷컴" target="_blank">과외쌤.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Housekeeper <a href="http://파출.한국" target="_blank">파출.한국</a></li>
<li>Security Guard <a href="http://경비원.닷컴" target="_blank">경비원.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Cleaning Service <a href="http://청소잡.닷컴" target="_blank">청소잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Wedding Planner <a href="http://웨딩잡.닷컴" target="_blank">웨딩잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Veterinarian <a href="http://애니멀잡.닷컴" target="_blank">애니멀잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Golf <a href="http://골프잡.com" target="_blank">골프잡.com</a></li>
<li>Travel Agency <a href="http://여행사잡.com" target="_blank">여행사잡.com</a></li>
<li>Delivery Service <a href="http://택배잡.닷컴" target="_blank">택배잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Barista <a href="http://바리스타잡.닷컴" target="_blank">바리스타잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Bartender <a href="http://바텐더잡.닷컴" target="_blank">바텐더잡.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Waiter <a href="http://웨이터.닷컴" target="_blank">웨이터.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Delivery <a href="http://배달원.닷컴" target="_blank">배달원.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Chauffeur <a href="http://대리운전밴드.한국" target="_blank">대리운전밴드.한국</a></li>
<li>Courier Service <a href="http://퀵서비스밴드.한국" target="_blank">퀵서비스밴드.한국</a></li>
<li>Moving Service <a href="http://이삿짐밴드.한국" target="_blank">이삿짐밴드.한국</a></li>
<li>Farming <a href="http://농장.한국" target="_blank">농장.한국</a></li>
<li>Masseur <a href="http://마사지밴드.com" target="_blank">마사지밴드.com</a></li>
<li>Recruiter <a href="http://헤드헌팅.닷컴" target="_blank">헤드헌팅.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Study Abroad <a href="http://유학.닷넷" target="_blank">유학.닷넷</a></li>
<li>Mobile Telecommunications <a href="http://이동통신.닷컴" target="_blank">이동통신.닷컴</a></li>
<li>Senior <a href="http://시니어잡.닷컴" target="_blank">시니어잡.닷컴</a></li>
</ol>
<p style='font-family:cursive;text-align:right;'>
Korean Domain Name 한글 도메인 네임
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-74954294440167260972021-02-18T10:18:00.038+00:002022-07-13T08:43:25.774+01:00Korean URL Shortener<style>
@counter-style globes {
system: cyclic;
symbols: "\1F30D" "\1F30E" "\1F30F";
suffix: " ";
}
</style>
<p>
There is an excellent Korean Domain Name URL shortener <a href="https://고.한국" target="_blank">고.한국</a> which translates as Go.Korea. It is easy to use. Create customised links, as I have done in the following list, or have the system create the link for you. Currently, the pathname part of the link must be ASCII.
</p>
<ol style="list-style:globes;font-size:75%;padding-left:0;margin-left:2.0cm;">
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/color" target="_blank">고.한국/color</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/colour" target="_blank">고.한국/colour</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/shelf1" target="_blank">고.한국/shelf1</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/shelf2" target="_blank">고.한국/shelf2</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/bag" target="_blank">고.한국/bag</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/shirt" target="_blank">고.한국/shirt</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/doll" target="_blank">고.한국/doll</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/Uregex" target="_blank">고.한국/Uregex</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/Uprog" target="_blank">고.한국/Uprog</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/MaskTip1" target="_blank">고.한국/MaskTip1</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/MaskTip2" target="_blank">고.한국/MaskTip2</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/4shelves" target="_blank">고.한국/4shelves</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/cats" target="_blank">고.한국/cats</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/plate" target="_blank">고.한국/plate</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/YearArt" target="_blank">고.한국/YearArt</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/laces" target="_blank">고.한국/laces</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/pencils" target="_blank">고.한국/pencils</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/CCI" target="_blank">고.한국/CCI</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/6shelves" target="_blank">고.한국/6shelves</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/tzuyang" target="_blank">고.한국/tzuyang</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/jobs" target="_blank">고.한국/jobs</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/blog" target="_blank">고.한국/blog</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/mrQueen" target="_blank">고.한국/mrQueen</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/heart" target="_blank">고.한국/heart</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/hao2" target="_blank">고.한국/hao2</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/hao3" target="_blank">고.한국/hao3</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/jongno" target="_blank">고.한국/jongno</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/IDNs" target="_blank">고.한국/IDNs</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/KDN" target="_blank">고.한국/KDN</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/names" target="_blank">고.한국/names</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/dream" target="_blank">고.한국/dream</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/water" target="_blank">고.한국/water</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/crocs" target="_blank">고.한국/crocs</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/lsukpopsoc" target="_blank">고.한국/lsukpopsoc</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/IIGF" target="_blank">고.한국/IIGF</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/Cmas" target="_blank">고.한국/Cmas</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/Kjeans" target="_blank">고.한국/Kjeans</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/ua" target="_blank">고.한국/ua</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/uk" target="_blank">고.한국/uk</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:135%"><a href="https://고.한국/socks" target="_blank">고.한국/socks</a></span></li>
</ol>
<p>
Here is the only link which I had the system create for me.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:korean-hangul-formal;padding-left:0;margin-left:2.0cm;">
<li><a href="https://고.한국/89k5" target="_blank">고.한국/89k5</a></li>
</ol>
<p style='font-family:cursive;text-align:right;'>
Korean Domain Name 한글 도메인 네임
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-73621551820425316342020-07-19T17:03:00.001+01:002020-07-19T17:13:23.163+01:00Computer Science Internationalization - IDNs<p>
I started a new thread on IDNForums entitled "Interesting IDNs" ➜ <a href="http://idnforums.com/forums/35988-interesting-idns.html" target="_blank">idnforums.com/forums/35988-interesting-idns.html</a>
</p>
<p>
The basic idea is to add human interest stories to bring IDNs to life. So, if you know of or find interesting IDNs then please post the IDN along with itʼs associated story/explanation to aforementioned thread. If you do not want to join IDNforums then tweet me (<a href="https://twitter.com/andreschappo" target="_blank">twitter.com/andreschappo</a>) with your IDN + story and I will post to the thread.
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-11664160913654140782019-01-14T12:18:00.000+00:002019-01-14T13:37:25.867+00:00Computer Science Internationalization - Adaptive URL<p>
I recently came across an impressive Serbian website, Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS/РНИДС). This siteʼs content text is available by user selection in English or Serbian, Cyrillic script or Serbian, Latin script.
</p>
<p>
What is happening in the browser address bar is what I find most interesting and impressive. Firstly, RNIDS has a Serbian Cyrillic Domain Name, <a href="https://рнидс.срб" target="_blank">рнидс.срб</a>. This Domain Name is properly integrated into the site. It does not redirect to an ASCII domain, nor does it use a Frame redirect/forward. It is correctly displayed in the browser address bar.
</p>
<p>
Secondly, the pathname part of the URL is displayed in the currently selected language/script. If you browse round the site and change language/script you will see the URL pathname instantly adapt to your selected language/script. Here is an example page:
</p>
<ol style='list-style-type:katakana;'>
<li>Ћирилица (Serbian/Cyrillic Script): <a href="https://рнидс.срб/национални-домени/регистрација-националних-домена" target="_blank">рнидс.срб/национални-домени/регистрација-националних-домена</a></li>
<li>Latinica (Serbian/Latin Script): <a href="https://рнидс.срб/lat/nacionalni-domeni/registracija-nacionalnih-domena" target="_blank">рнидс.срб/lat/nacionalni-domeni/registracija-nacionalnih-domena</a></li>
<li>English: <a href="https://рнидс.срб/en/national-domains/registering-national-domains" target="_blank">рнидс.срб/en/national-domains/registering-national-domains</a></li>
</ol>
<p>
I consider RNIDS to be an excellent example of usage of FULLY internationalised URLs. There are, nowadays, many sites with an Internationalised Domain Name in a multitude of languages/scripts. Most though still have an ASCII/English pathname. I consider this to be a missed opportunity. I highly recommend that sites fully internationalise their URLs. One way of achieving this is by the use of aliases <a href="https://schappo.blogspot.com/2017/03/computer-science-internationalization_31.html" target="_blank">schappo.blogspot.com/2017/03/computer-science-internationalization_31.html</a>
</p>
André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-73598317832247112172018-06-10T15:18:00.003+01:002018-06-11T08:55:01.501+01:00BBC International Websites<p>
If you are in the UK, most of you will be familiar with the BBC website <a href="https://bbc.co.uk" target="_blank">bbc.co.uk</a>. The BBC does have several localised websites for non English languages and regional news. If you are browsing from the UK it is not at all obvious how to visit their localised websites as there are no links on their UK website.
</p>
<p>
Here is how I found their localised websites. Firstly I visited <a href="https://bbc.co.uk" target="_blank">bbc.co.uk</a> and, as one would expect, I landed on their UK homepage. But, there are no links to their localised sites. If there were I would be happy and would not be writing this article. Next I visited the wikipedia BBC article <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" target="_blank">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC</a> and saw that there is a different address <a href="http://bbc.com" target="_blank">bbc.com</a>. I used this address but as I am browsing from the UK it redirects to <a href="https://bbc.co.uk" target="_blank">bbc.co.uk</a> which is not at all helpful. So, I am back to where I started.
</p>
<p>
To the rescue comes the Opera browser with itʼs builtin VPN. I set the VPN to a non UK location and now when I use bbc.com I do not get redirected to bbc.co.uk. Scroll down to the bottom of the page and I now see links to their localised websites. If you are browsing from the UK without such a VPN service these links will not redirect to bbc.co.uk
</p>
<p>
For your convenience I list below all the links to the BBC localised websites.
</p>
<ol style="list-style-type:thai;">
<li>Arabic عربي <a href="http://bbc.com/arabic" target="_blank">bbc.com/arabic</a></li>
<li>Azeri AZƏRBAYCAN <a href="http://bbc.com/azeri" target="_blank">bbc.com/azeri</a></li>
<li>Bangla বাংলা <a href="https://bbc.com/bengali" target="_blank">bbc.com/bengali</a></li>
<li>Burmese မြန်မာစာ <a href="http://bbc.com/burmese" target="_blank">bbc.com/burmese</a></li>
<li>Chinese 中文 <a href="http://bbc.com/zhongwen/simp" target="_blank">bbc.com/zhongwen/simp</a></li>
<li>French <a href="https://bbc.com/afrique" target="_blank">bbc.com/afrique</a></li>
<li>Hausa <a href="https://bbc.com/hausa" target="_blank">bbc.com/hausa</a></li>
<li>Hindi हिन्दी <a href="https://bbc.com/hindi" target="_blank">bbc.com/hindi</a></li>
<li>Indonesian <a href="http://bbc.com/indonesia" target="_blank">bbc.com/indonesia</a></li>
<li>Japanese 日本語 <a href="http://bbc.com/japanese" target="_blank">http://bbc.com/japanese</a></li>
<li>Kinyarwanda & Kirundi <a href="https://bbc.com/gahuza" target="_blank">bbc.com/gahuza</a></li>
<li>Kyrgyz Кыргыз <a href="https://bbc.com/kyrgyz" target="_blank">bbc.com/kyrgyz</a></li>
<li>Marathi मराठी <a href="https://bbc.com/marathi" target="_blank">bbc.com/marathi</a></li>
<li>Nepali नेपाली <a href="https://bbc.com/nepali" target="_blank">bbc.com/nepali</a></li>
<li>Pashto پښتو <a href="https://bbc.com/pashto" target="_blank">bbc.com/pashto</a></li>
<li>Persian فارسی <a href="http://bbc.com/persian" target="_blank">bbc.com/persian</a></li>
<li>Portuguese <a href="bbc.com/portuguese" target="_blank">bbc.com/portuguese</a></li>
<li>Russian ру́сский <a href="https://bbc.com/russian" target="_blank">bbc.com/russian</a></li>
<li>Sinhala සිංහල <a href="https://bbc.com/sinhala" target="_blank">https://bbc.com/sinhala</a></li>
<li>Somali <a href="http://bbc.com/somali" target="_blank">bbc.com/somali</a></li>
<li>Spanish <a href="http://bbc.com/mundo" target="_blank">bbc.com/mundo</a></li>
<li>Swahili <a href="https://bbc.com/swahili" target="_blank">bbc.com/swahili</a></li>
<li>Tamil தமிழ் <a href="https://bbc.com/tamil" target="_blank">bbc.com/tamil</a></li>
<li>Turkish TÜRKÇE <a href="https://bbc.com/turkce" target="_blank">bbc.com/turkce </a></li>
<li>Ukrainian УКРАЇНСЬКA <a href="https://bbc.com/ukrainian" target="_blank">bbc.com/ukrainian</a></li>
<li>Urdu اردو <a href="" target="_blank">bbc.com/urdu</a></li>
<li>Uzbek O'ZBEK <a href="https://bbc.com/uzbek" target="_blank">bbc.com/uzbek</a></li>
<li>Vietnamese TIẾNG VIỆT <a href="https://bbc.com/vietnamese" target="_blank">bbc.com/vietnamese </a></li>
</ol>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-19368322714539143782018-04-22T17:21:00.004+01:002021-09-03T09:23:58.415+01:00Computer Science Internationalization - Ideographic Description Characters<p>
I recently created a new Chinese character. This is the very first time I have done so. I created the character to write on a farewell card.
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Firstly some background. About two years ago I gave a printout to a colleague, Katherine Hollingsworth, of the Chinese character 好 which means good. I explained how this character has two components, the left part meaning woman and the right part meaning child. Woman 女 + child 子 is something good, hence the meaning good. Katherine, at this time had one child.
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Fast forward two years and Katherine is leaving us. As is traditional, there was a farewell card for us to write our best wishes. That is when I had the idea of creating a new Chinese character. Katherine now has two children. The character I created was ⿰好子 which is a woman with two children. I handwrote this character onto the card. Chinese characters are written into a square which is what I did when handwriting the combination of 好 and 子.
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Now to the Computer Science part. In Unicode there are twelve Ideographic Description Characters: ⿰ ⿱ ⿲ ⿳ ⿴ ⿵ ⿶ ⿷ ⿸ ⿹ ⿺ ⿻, U+2FF0➔2FFB. These can be used to construct new characters from combinations of existing characters and/or components. They represent the topological relationship between the components. ⿰ is used to represent a character with two components, a left part and a right part. The ideographic description sequence for my new character is thus ⿰好子. I have given this character the name 双好 which means double good😀
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I told my Chinese project students about my new Chinese character. One of the students, 王国旭 Wang Guoxu, suggested an additional way of constructing the character using a left part, a middle part and a right part. The sequence for his suggestion is ⿲子女子. I really like this suggestion as we now have a woman surrounded by her two children.
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<p><span style="font-weight:600;">Update:</span> I have now devised a second new Chinese character. It is related to the above character and consists of four, side by side components. The ideographic description sequence is: ⿰⿰子男⿰女子. I will leave it to you, the reader, to determine what it represents.
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<p><span style="font-weight:600;">Update 2:</span> Another arrangement of the 双好 components is to have the woman above the children. The ideographic description sequence is: ⿱女⿰子子. See <a href="https://고.한국/hao2" target="_blank">고.한국/hao2</a> or <a href="https://twitter.com/andreschappo/status/1046367105141153793" target="_blank">twitter.com/andreschappo/status/1046367105141153793</a> for calligraphic versions of this arrangement.
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<span style="font-weight:600;">Update 3:</span> Katherine now has 3 children and so it is time for a triple good 三好 new Chinese character with 3 children components. Possible arrangements of the components include ⿱⿰女子⿰子子 and ⿱女⿲子子子. Please see <a href="https://고.한국/hao3" target="_blank">고.한국/hao3</a> or <a href="https://twitter.com/andreschappo/status/1093833016353406976" target="_blank">twitter.com/andreschappo/status/1093833016353406976</a> for calligraphic versions of these arrangements
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4319009191105915600.post-55336062531263822842018-03-10T16:25:00.001+00:002018-03-30T12:54:40.943+01:00Computer Science Internationalization - Validating People Names<p>
When coding, it is essential to consider and account for edge cases. Whilst coding Internationalised Programming Challenge 17 <a href="https://jsfiddle.net/coas/4djhso1y" target="_blank">jsfiddle.net/coas/4djhso1y</a> I happened upon an unexpected and fascinating edge case.
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Before I reveal the edge case I need to give you some background information, starting with some Chinese characters.
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<p style="font-size:13pt;">
娥,鄂,鹅,仒,厄,戹*,屵*,阨*,阿*,呝,俄,砨*,偔,堨*,圔*,誒*,噁*,儑*,貖*,礘*,櫮,鰪*,岋,阸*,妸,咢,匎*,卾,隘*,廅*,僫,蕚,噩,鍔,額,鰐,讹,吪,妿,咹,胺,啞*,蛯*,搤,磀,遻*,嶭*,騀,顎,鶚 ...and many more at <a href="http://chinese-tools.com/tools/sinograms.html?p=e" target="_blank">chinese-tools.com/tools/sinograms.html?p=e</a>
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<p>
All these Chinese characters can be written in pinyin as <span style="font-weight:600;">E</span> or <span style="font-weight:600;">e</span>. Those characters marked with *, have multiple meanings, hence multiple pronunciations, hence multiple ways of writing in pinyin. Those characters not marked with * are only written in pinyin as <span style="font-weight:600;">E</span> or <span style="font-weight:600;">e</span>. Some of you may well be thinking, what of tone marks. Well, unless I explicitly request it, I have never seen a Chinese person write pinyin with tone marks.
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Some of these Chinese characters are family names and some would be suitable for given names.
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So, now to the edge case. A Chinese name when written in pinyin could be <span style="font-weight:600;">E E</span> or <span style="font-weight:600;">Ee E</span>.
I asked on Weibo 微博 whether anyone knew of any Chinese name which when written in pinyin is <span style="font-weight:600;">E E</span> or <span style="font-weight:600;">Ee E</span>. One person responded with the Chinese name 鄂娥 which written in pinyin is <span style="font-weight:600;">E E</span>.
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<p>
I reason that a person whose only language is English would think <span style="font-weight:600;">E E</span> are initials and not the full name. Actually, before I considered name edge cases I would probably also have thought <span style="font-weight:600;">E E</span> are initials. I have been aware for a long time that some Chinese characters can be written in pinyin as single letters such as <span style="font-weight:600;">e</span> or <span style="font-weight:600;">a</span> but I had not made the connection with people names.
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<p>
This example illustrates that programmers need to thoroughly research naming conventions in different countries/cultures/languages before writing validation code.
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<p>
I would like to encompass several international naming conventions in my Challenge 17. So far, I have coded validation rules for Chinese 中文, Khmer ភាសាខ្មែរ, Korean 한국어, Vietnamese Tiếng Việt and a catchall. I welcome contributions of international naming rules which I will code and incorporate into Challenge 17. You can email me, or if you do not know my email me you can tweet me @andreschappo or contact me on Weibo 微博 @schappo
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<p><span style="font-weight:700;">Techie stuff:</span> The regex I use for Chinese name validation is:</p>
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XRegExp("^((?![\\p{InKangxi_Radicals}\\p{InCJK_Radicals_Supplement}\\p{InCJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation}])\\p{Han}){2,4}$","u")
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<p>
My regex is using negative look-ahead, recognisable by the <span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:900;">?!</span> construct. For each character, I am checking that it is a Han* character and is not a radical or symbol or punctuation character. This can be generalised to:
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<p style="font-family:monospace;">
(?!Character_Set_B)Character_Set_A
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which reads as: a character must not be in Character_Set_B and must be in Character_Set_A in order to be valid.
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The same can be achieved using negative look-behind:
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<p style="font-family:monospace;overflow-wrap:break-word;">
XRegExp("^(\\p{Han}(?<![\\p{InKangxi_Radicals}\\p{InCJK_Radicals_Supplement}\\p{InCJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation}])){2,4}$","u")
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This can be generalised as:
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<p style="font-family:monospace;">
Character_Set_A(?<!Character_Set_B)
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which reads as: a character must be in Character_Set_A and not in Character_Set_B in order to be valid.
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<p>
The Chinese for Regular Expression (regex) is 正则表达式.
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<p>
* A Han character, in this context, is actually a CJK (Chinese or Japanese or Korean) character but that is far too long a story for this blog article.
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<p>
<span style="font-weight:700;">Update 30th March 2018:</span> In my XRegExp, above, I am using the <span style="font-weight:700;">u</span> flag. This enables Unicode but only the BMP (Basic Multilingual Plane). There is an <span style="font-weight:700;">A</span> flag which enables the whole of Unicode, BMP + <span style="font-weight:700;">A</span>stral characters, but, for quite some time, I could not get this to work. I did eventually find the problem and a solution. The problem is that jsdelivr minification breaks XRegExp. My solution was simply not to use the jsdelivr minified version of XRegExp. I am, therefore, using <a href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/xregexp@4.1.1/xregexp-all.js" target="_blank">cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/xregexp@4.1.1/xregexp-all.js</a> and not <a href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/xregexp@4.1.1/xregexp-all.min.js" target="_blank">cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/xregexp@4.1.1/xregexp-all.min.js</a>.
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<p>
In addition to using the <span style="font-weight:700;">A</span> flag I have had to make some minor changes to my regex. My updated regex is:
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<p style="font-family:monospace;overflow-wrap:break-word;">
XRegExp("^((?!\\p{InKangxi_Radicals}|\\p{InCJK_Radicals_Supplement}|\\p{InCJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation})\\p{Han}){2,4}$","A")
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<p>
The positive outcome for Chinese and Korean Hanja names validation is that these names can now contain characters from the Unicode SIP (Supplementary Ideographic Plane) in addition to characters in all the other Unicode planes.
</p>André 小山 Schappohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06777014339143948083noreply@blogger.com